History Of Human Services At The World - 1362 Words

History of Human Services Bradley Amo HHS 201-Introduction to Human Services Instructor Roche 8/10/2014 History of Human Services Human services in the world is a very important duty to perform since, there are many programs that are not being funded by governments and so many people are living in poverty around the world that simply cannot afford human service help. However, it is the responsibility of the human service worker to try and help those in need that are not able to afford services and provide the necessary treatment that they are lacking. Although, human services in Western cultures play an important part in the helping relationship in which many factors have influenced the ability and willingness to help society members. Meanwhile, there are many societal circumstances that shape helping behaviors in which reciprocity is an important aspect of human service work since, caring and giving services to those in need is the main focus in the field. Indeed, the different cycles of helping in the American society as they relate to welfare, juvenile justice, mental illness, and criminal justice are not ge tting enough help they need as many of the grants go to the middle class and rich instead of the poorer population. Therefore, the meaning of human services has a very broad range of duties and responsibilities which are very difficult to perform when many human service programs are not being funded and are letting human service workers go just to keep theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Intro to Human Services1296 Words   |  6 Pages Describe human services from the early 1900s to the present day. 2 Throughout History Human Services made a big impact and a difference in our society as we know it today. Through the sociological era in the 1900s many were faced with challenges such as financial support for the poor and no support or guidance for the children, developmentally disabled and the mentally ill. Human Services make positive and lasting differences in peoples lives, and they help improve the world. The earlyRead MoreTuskegee1630 Words   |  7 Pagesturn of the 20th century the most unspeakable appalling atrocities against human beings was The Tuskegee Syphilis Study. One of the most horrendous breaches of ethics in The United States history is Tuskegee’s studies and associated research. . The study and the publicity that surrounded the study was one of the major influences leading to the organized arrangement of laws, rules and principles of the ethical treatment for human beings. Examples of which include; informed consent, patients personalRead MoreHuman Service Course History Paper1447 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Service Course History Paper Nikki Boswell Western Washington University â€Æ' Introduction The year is 2015 and I can’t imagine not having the freedom I do today. Marriage equality is a very recent topic in history. It wasn’t very long ago that laws prohibited the marriage of same-sex couples. I have decided to investigate the history of marriage equality and the organizations that helped make the dream come true. In order to fully understand the changes that occurred, and to comprehend the levelRead MoreWhat Is Human Services?1119 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of phoenix | What is Human Services? | | | Tina CooperBSHS/302 | 11/21/2010Kristie Hilton | | What is Human Services? Everyone at some point in their lives needs help. This help could range from help with their bills to help with adequate shelter or even help with everyday living skills. No matter what the reason is for the help, it is an inevitable that people need it. In these times of need, people may wonder who they can turn to for help. This question often goesRead MoreUtilizing Online Social Networking Sites Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking Business and Human Services organizations all over the world try to look for different ways to improve and be successful. One of the ways organizations have been able to maintain success is by networking and linking themselves with similar organizations. A website that provides organizations with this type of networking is LinkedIn. In week two I was given the task to research and understand why such sites as LinkedIn help human service organizations stay connected with theirRead MoreBritish Secret Intelligence MI6 Essays1109 Words   |  5 Pageswas, and still is to an extent, to steal the secrets of others including foreign spies and countries. The agency has managed to keep most of its history and operations a secret in its 100 plus history. By doing this, they have become the â€Å"godfather† of spy agencies throughout the world. The agency over its 100 year existence has played parts in both World Wars, combating the Germans through espionage securing the survival of the British. It has also participated in the Cold War era fighting communismRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1603 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The history of enslaving humans for the benefit of labor, sex, and financial gain runs deep and parallel to the existence of civilization. While a small portion of the history of slavery reflects a more humane and less brutal treatment of those in servitude, such as the Babylonian slaves of 18th century BC who were permitted to own land; contrastingly, most slavery practices historically have been established in a foundation of violence and control, such as the slaves of ancient GreeceRead MoreHealthcare Utilization1442 Words   |  6 PagesUtilization The old saying of health is wealth is as valid today as it was in any other period of history. The definitions of health have been changed and many other measures of physical and mental performance have been added to it. However, the essence and need of healthy life is always there. This is the reason; the responsible authorities of every period have tried to provide best possible healthcare services to the people. It may be because of continuous development in industrial infrastructure andRead MoreThe Grand Canyon1545 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, the Grand Canyon has attracted many visitors, and today the park sees nearly five million visitors yearly (NPS, History Culture). It has always been a target for human interest, going back to the days where Native Americans ruled the land and continuing through present times. However, like the rest of our natural world, the Grand Canyon faces many threats, mainly due to humans. What are these things that threaten the Grand Canyon, what is being done to combat them, and what else can be doneRead MoreFinding The Way With Service Animals Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesWay with Service Animals Johnny had never smiled in his entire four years of life, until July, 2015. He received a life changing gift, a service dog trained as a companion to children with autism. His family had researched and tried many ways to help him have an easier and more interactive life but to no avail until he got his service dog. Improving life emotionally, physically and/or socially is the overall goal of people and/or families with service animals. There has been a long history with animals

The Origins Of Schizophrenia, And Greek And Latin Texts Essay

Introduction History. Some of the earliest evidence of schizophrenia were seen in the Bible, and Greek and Latin texts. In the Bible, people were accused of being demonically possessed or holy based on the visions they saw (if visions involved Jesus). In Greek mythology, individuals were said to be punished by the Gods of they had symptoms of schizophrenia. Between years 1450-1830 in Europe, and North and South America, people were accused of being witches; similarly, in France, people were thought to have reverted to beasts. Most early treatments ranged from exposure to music and philosophy to torture and killings. However, in Egypt, schizophrenia was seen as a disease of the heart and uterus caused by pus, poop, or demons. While the Egyptians were incorrect in their diagnosis of the root cause of schizophrenia, at least they treated it as a medical issue. While there was confirmation of the existence of schizophrenia, the prevalence was never noted because of stigmas and how diffic ult it was to diagnose. Many symptoms could be confused with symptoms of drunkenness, drug usage, and even other Major Depressive Disorders. It was not until the late 1800s and mid 1900s that Schizophrenia was adequately addressed. Emil Kaepelin in 1899 called Schizophrenia â€Å"Dementia praecox† and defined three main criteria: (1) cognitive deficit, (2) motor dysfunction, and (3) terminal state of deterioration. In 1920, Eutene Bleuler began calling the illness â€Å"Schizophrenia† and added basicShow MoreRelatedIdentity And The Search For The Self Among The Sub Continental Diaspora10173 Words   |  41 PagesThe Self among the sub-continental Diaspora in Britain Identity has always been a problematic area of interrogation epistemologically, existentially and politically and it continues to propel our thought. Etymologically, the term is derived from Latin word ‘Idem’ meaning ‘same’ (Oxford Online Dictionary) which means ‘specific quality or condition of being a specific person or an object†. A person’s identity is determined in terms of his/her inherited traditions, particularly the inherited religionRead MoreEssay on A Philosophy of the Impersonal5155 Words   |  21 Pagesthan today do human rights, beginning with the right to live, seem so utterly denied. No right more so than the right to live seems contradicted by the millions of victims who die because of hunger, sickness, and war. How is this possible? Whats the origin of this drift in meaning of person that is taking place today when the normative reference to the value of the person is being affirmed in all languages and its flag raised high? One could respond, as often happens, that the reason is only becauseRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSlowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville

DNA the Master Code for All Living Things Free Essays

Bacteria, zebras, mosquitoes, anacondas, essentially all living things have one thing in common which makes them what they are. It is DNA. It is one of the greatest biological discoveries in the history of mankind. We will write a custom essay sample on DNA the Master Code for All Living Things or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is not only related to biology but is tied to the study of chemistry as well because of the convoluted molecular structure. DNA is short for the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA or ribonucleic acid is another nucleic acid derived from DNA and used as a template to make proteins, the product of the genetic code. In an article, â€Å"What is DNA? † written by James Randerson, DNA is described as, â€Å"†¦ he master code for life †¦ the instruction book that each organism uses to run its body and govern its behavior, a book that each creature hands on to its offspring, either in full or in part. † In other words it describes how at times not the whole book (DNA) is passed down from parent to progeny. A father and mother both contribute their DNA making the son similar but not identical to his father and mother. Also, because DNA stores all genetic information including diseases, which can be passed down from generation to generation. These diseases are the effect of a mutation in the DNA structure. In 1868, a Swiss physician and biologist extracted a phosphorus containing substance. He called it nuclein because he found it in the nuclei of several cells. He managed to extract this substance from discarded surgical bandages, specifically by examining the pus cells (pus cells are white blood cells). James Watson, an American geneticist, and Francis Crick, a British physicist studying in the University of Cambridge, began examining x-ray images made by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. In 1953, James and Francis constructed the first three-dimensional model of the DNA structure. The model showed all nitrogenous bases, pentoses (sugar), and phosphate groups. Several years later, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Before the three-dimensional model, Erwin Chargaff discovered a pattern between the base pairs. He discovered that the amount of adenine is the same amount of thymine. the same is true for the other base pair guanine and cytosine. Chargaff’s discovery led him to understand the basic pairing rules. You might wonder what makes our DNA different from the DNA of a sheep, sea urchin, or a turtle. Based on the studies of Chargaff and the rest of his colleagues at Columbia University, the four nitrogenous bases occur in different ratios in the DNAs of different organisms and that the bases have a numerical relationship. For example, The base composition (mol percentage) of Homo Sapiens is 30. 9 % adenine, 19. 9% guanine, 19. 8% cytosine, and 29. 4% thymine. This shows that Chargaff’s study was very helpful for James Watson and Francis Crick’s three-dimensional model of a DNA molecule. I chose to research DNA because it is a very interesting topic to discuss. It makes me who I am, my hair, eye, and skin color, my height and weight, overall health, metabolism, etc. I find both biology and chemistry my favorite subjects and DNA because it is a key molecuel that defines health. In the future I plan to become a M. D. (Medical Doctor). I will definitely have to be familiar with this molecule and what DNA sequences mean in case I needed to diagnose a patient with a certain genetic disease. By examining his or her genetic code I could determine possible diseases. I really enjoy any type of problem solving. I could utilize this knowledge to explore disease in my own family, specifically my dad’s side. From my grandfather to my own father and uncles, everyone has minor cardiovascular diseases caused by high cholesterol. I want to discover what mutation in my family’s DNA that causes this condition and develop treatments to improve their health. DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of a cell. When they are tightly packed together they are known as chromosomes. The structure of DNA is very complicated. DNA is a double helix molecule. The structure looks like a twisted ladder. A double helix is the molecular structure created from double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids held together by hy drogen bonding between nucleotides. Nucleotides contain three characteristic components: (1) a nitrogenous base, (2) a pentose (sugar), and (3) phosphate group. Four nitrogenous bases make up DNAs support of the double helix: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These bases are split into two groups. (A) and (G) are in the purine base group and (C) and (T) are in the pyrimidine base groups. In the structure of DNA base pairs are formed between the four bases. A base pair is when two nitrogenous bases (a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa) are linked by weak hydrogen bonds. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) form a base pair and guanine (G) and cytosine C) form a base pair. In the structure of DNA (A) and (T) are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while (C) and (G) are held together by three hydrogen bonds. The next components of DNA form the backbone of the two spiraling strands. The backbones consist of alternating phosphate and pentose (sugar). Two kinds of pentoses are found in nucleic acids, deoxyribose and ribose. Deoxyribose is basically the same as ribose but it has one less oxygen atom in it’s structure. The phosphate group is connected to the pentose (deoxyribose or ribose) on the backbone of the DNA structure. They are both held together by covalent bonds. The pentose is also connected to the nitrogenous base. When a pentose (sugar) and a base combine it is called a nucleoside. An example of a nucleoside, is when the base thymine bonds with the pentose (sugar) deoxyribose, deoxythymidine forms. The nucleoside then combines with the phosphate to make the nucleoside a nucleotide. In the article â€Å"How DNA Works,† Craig Freudenrich explains how the â€Å"hydrogen bonds between phosphates cause the DNA strand to twist. The nitrogenous bases point inward on the ladder and form pairs with bases on the other side. This makes DNA look somewhat like a spiraling staircase. DNA functions to store the complete genetic information required to specify the structure of all the proteins of each species of organism, to program in time and space the orderly biosynthesis (the process of converting simple nutrients like: sugars, lipids, and amino acids into complex products like, proteins and vitamins) that make cell and tissue, and organs which determine the activities of an organism throughout its life cycle, and determine the distinctiveness of the given organism. DNA also has another function. It is meant to be replicated so copies can be passed down from cell to cell and generation to generation. The National Human Genome Research Institute describes the transfer occurs â€Å"In sexual reproduction, organisms inherit half of their nuclear DNA from the male parent and half from the female parent. However, organisms inherit all of their mitochondrial DNA from the mother. This occurs because only egg cells, and not sperm cells, keep their mitochondria during fertilization. To complete these instructions, DNA sequences are transcribed into messages made of RNA and ultimately translated into sequences of amino acids to produce proteins. DNA genetic information is composed of specific long sequences of A, T, G, and C. The process begins with the sequences being transferred to a single strand RNA molecule. RNA is only slightly different from DNA. The important difference between them is that one of the pyrimidine bases are not the same. Thymine is a principal pyrimidine in DNA, while uracil is a principal pyrimidine in RNA. The new RNA (mRNA) molecule is a messenger containing transcribed code from the DNA molecule. The mRNA travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. According to The National Human Genome Research Institute, in the cytoplasm â€Å"the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the â€Å"language† of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This language tells the cell’s protein-making machinery the precise order in which to link the amino acids to produce a specific protein. This is a major task because there are 20 types of amino acids, which can be placed in many different orders to form a wide variety of proteins. † Proteins do most of the work in our bodies; they move molecules in our bodies, they help us move by making our muscles, they help create our immune system that helps protect from any infections in our body or illnesses, and much more. DNA is one of the greatest discoveries my man. It was not discovered by a single human being but several. DNA is what makes a female human to give birth to a baby girl not to a baby giraffe or cub. DNA is passed down from generation to generation by sexual reproduction. Half of the father’s genes and half of the mother’s go to their son or daughter. Your DNA is not the same as your brother’s because sometimes you get more from your mom’s side or more from your dad’s side, it all depends. It is extraordinary how we are made from a string of DNA molecules that construct our body and make us who we are. DNA is now at a point where we use it for many reasons, not just for research. DNA forensics is one of the most practical ways of using DNA. Forensics is the application of many sciences to discover aspects about a crime. A government website describing DNA forensics, lists many examples of DNA uses for Forensic Identification. They include: â€Å"identification of potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes; exoneration of persons wrongly accused of crimes; identification of crime and catastrophe victims; establishment of paternity and other family relationships; identification of endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials (could be used for prosecuting poachers); detection of acteria and other organisms that may pollute air, water, soil, and food; Matching organ donors with recipients in transplant programs; determination of pedigree for seed or livestock breeds; and authentication of consumables such as caviar and wine. † It is great that DNA has been incorporated into forensics. Hopefully, in the near future, DNA technologies will be incorporated in a variety of ot her applications. How to cite DNA the Master Code for All Living Things, Essay examples

Understanding Groups and Managing Teams

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Groups and Managing Teams. Answer: Introduction The main case analyzed in this report is drawn from Sir Richard Branson: managing groups and teams at Virgin provided in pages 421 and 422.The main aim of this analysis is to demonstrate the deeper understanding of the teamwork along with the challenges and opportunities it presents for the managers team members. In meeting the above aim, four questions are answered. Question one identifies the kinds of teams existing within the Virgin group of firms. Question two list the phases of development along with task roles hat dictate the effectiveness of these groups. It further presents a discussion on how diverse roles and phases of development are obvious and dictate outcomes within the group. In question three, a definition of features of the group and identification of how such characteristics align to group behaviors along with performance within the Virgin group of firms. It further present an explanation of strengths and weakness of these with regards to team members behaviors like cohesiveness, conflict as well as performance. The last question (4) presents examples of how social interactions reinforce group activities within the Virgin group of firms. A brief conclusion summarizing the entire report is then presented. Types of Teams within Virgin Group The Group features a traditional group that entails two or more codependent persons who interact and influence one another in a shared quest for a mutual goalmouth. These groups lack the organizational structure nor does the group have lack of shared goals and purpose embraced by a crowd. Under the Virgin group, both formal and informal groups exist. The individual firms constituting Virgin Group of Companies constitute formal groups that are created officially for a particular purpose (Mao 2016). The Virgin Group of companies encompass formal as well as informal work groups. Formal groups encompass task groups like Virgin ground crew along with command groups like the company board. The activities of Virgin Group might be provisional or perpetual. For instance, additional teams of temporary staff could be empowered in height of vacation (holiday) periods to cope with additional demand. The informal groups like people among flight crew staff. These can entail interest groups as well as friendship groups. The formal group are established by the organization like Virgin for particular purposes of the organization whereby informal groups are established by workers thus serving the interest of members. Stages of Development and Task Roles The evolution of a group into a team occurs in five phases. The first stages include is the forming phase whereby the group gets oriented as well as acquainted. The second is the storming which is marred by the surface of individual personalities as well as roles together with conflicts within the group. The third phase describes the norming stage in which solutions to the conflict are arrived at thereby leading to close relationships development alongside the emergence of unity and harmony. The fourth phase is the performing in which the members focus on getting solutions to the problems alongside the completion of task assigned. The fifth and final stage is adjourning in which members get prepared to disband the team. The roles and development stages are apparent and influence the outcomes within the Virgin group of firms. In the process, managers have a key role to play to ensure effective team. For example, manager make sure that individuals are cooperating and systematically integrate their respective efforts to accomplish a shared goal. Moreover, managers establish a climate of trust and reciprocal faith in the attentions and behaviors of others which facilitate collaboration. The managers also ensure team cohesiveness which ensure that the objectives and goals are achieved as people stick together. Managers also establish measurable goals and acknowledge the feedback of the performance of members which give the opportunity to improve their outcomes. Managers further motivate their members by ensuring that they accountable mutually to each other. A motivated employee is more productive and this then contributes to the general productivity of the Virgin Group of companies. The managers further ensure that the team size is optimal which enhances interaction and morale with required resources they help get their work effectively done. The managers also ensure that team members perform their roles as per the acceptable behavior thereby fostering constructive relationships among the members of the team. The managers also ensure effective team norms, general guidelines and rules of behavior followed by team members thus ensuring that the companys objective are met successfully. This is clear from the Virgin group of companies characterized with traditional group of 2 or more self-governing individuals that interact and influence one another in shared pursuit of shared goal. Both formal (task groups like Virgin ground crew along with command groups like company board) and informal (includes people in flight crew, interest group and friendship group) work groups exist in Virgin Groups. Characteristics of a Group The employees of Branson are encouraged by being given freedom. Branson holds that it significant for workers higher up within the group since this allows to know the workers on a more personal degrees outside the work. There is a high level of cooperation between the employees in the company which ensures they meet their tasks and roles in time. Branson keeps each of the Virgin business small under the larger Virgin group and upholds a financial interest in individual companies established. The work group behavior is divided into outcomes, processes and inputs. The recruitment division in Virgin ensures appropriate inputs. The skill of members have to be relevant and must show good interpersonal skills. The groups are diversified with specialists in recruitments. Branson has also put considerable faith in the recruitment teams to employ individuals who fit the Virgin business strategy. There are equal number of female and male employees within the department that create correct bala nce within work groups. Workers are attracted to particular Virgin divisions since they enjoy corporate activities they major in as well as value their corporate goals. People are hired not because of ability and experience but for their friendly attitudes as well as general skills thereby enabling the employees to fit into any job under the group. Examples of Social Interaction support Virgin Group Activities The members of the group have diverse roles to fulfil. The group task roles like a coordinator, information provider as well as information seeker. The maintenance roles like standard setter, encourager and follower. Such roles remain key to the group work flow. Groups like airline ground crew or flight attendant teams have to develop via series of phases identified above. Certain individuals in the group or team are allocated particular roles but emergent leaders simply take such roles upon themselves. Workers can further take on self-oriented roles, for own self-fulfillment. Such include being a blocker, aggressor, recognition seeker and dominator. Teamwork and engagement is encouraged with individuals and people are suggested to have a fearlessness of engaging with others since conversation is able to alter the world. The group size is optimal to facilitate interactions like airline uses extensive group training for the flight crew and ground crew. As a group becomes larger it is branched into a second company to become focused and nimble. The leaders are dynamic with positive synergies which ensure greater gains from group interaction. The norms like in flight allow members to behave in sanctioned manner thus maintaining uniformity of the corporate standards (Haas and Choudhury 2016). A sense of humor as well as desire to have fun are provided in the group. Group cohesiveness is also ensured to ensure better performance. Members of the team have similar values and attitudes lead ing to higher performance hence effective communication and job satisfaction (Agarwal et al. 2016). Conclusion Bransons case is a typical example of a successful teamwork. Firms need to imitate this by ensuring optimum team size, cohesiveness, freedom and social interaction. Performance leads to positive communication which in turn leads to job satisfaction. References Agarwal, R., Campbell, B.A., Franco, A.M. and Ganco, M., 2016. What Do I Take With Me? The Mediating Effect of Spin-out Team Size and Tenure on the FounderFirm Performance Relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), pp.1060-1087. Haas, M. and Choudhury, P., 2016, January. Collaborate to Innovate? Team Size, Patenting, and Collaborative Complexity in a Global RD Center (WITHDRAWN). In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 17221). Academy of Management. Mao, A., Mason, W., Suri, S. and Watts, D.J., 2016. An experimental study of team size and performance on a complex task. PloS one, 11(4), p.e0153048.

Research Proposal on Wetlands Essay Example

Research Proposal on Wetlands Essay A wetland is the territory which is covered with water seasonally or all the year round. A wetland is a specific ecosystem, because some animals, insects and plants can survive only in such lands. Generally, there are several types of water in wetlands (freshwater, brackish and saltwater) and every of them determine the sort of plants and the species of the animals which live there. There are different types of wetlands and most of them have the image of swamps, bogs, marches and fens. The ecosystem existing in the wetland is extremely rich, because there are thousands of plants, insects, birds and animals which coexist together. The largest wetlands are generally located in South America and a great number of the international organizations protect their flora and fauna. The role of the wetlands is extremely high. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Wetlands specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Wetlands specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Wetlands specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These territories serve as the enormous reservoirs of water which is used not only by animals and plants but by people. Wetlands serve like the natural filters and they absorb all the pollutants from the water that is why the water on the surface is always clean. Moreover, wetlands serve as a good help for agriculture. Every wetland is located in the basin of a certain big river, so the soil is quite rich there and people use this quality for their purposes in agriculture. Wetlands regulate the level of water and prevent from floods. They absorb much rainfall and snowmelt water in their boarders and do not let it flood vast territories. This conservational ability of wetlands is useful for the surrounding villages and towns because it prevents them from floods and provides them with water. The slightest harmful impact of people on the life of a wetland is extremely dangerous for the whole ecosystem. There were cases when people dried the wetlands and as a result all the fauna and flora of the ecosystem was destroyed and the people lost the single source of water for the domestic purposes, drinking and agriculture. A well-organized wetlands research proposal should be based on the deep knowledge about the ecosystem of a wetland. A student should convince the professor that the topic is worth research and provide his with the facts which prove that wetlands play a very important role for the ecosystem, for the life of animals and people and the economics of the area. With the help of a good free example research proposal on wetlands a student gets to know about the structure of the paper (he learns about the literature review and methodology sections, predictions and expectations, etc.) and the ways of its formatting. Furthermore, only a free sample research proposal on wetlands will teach a student the basics of the convincing manner of writing. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Wetlands topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Apes essays

Apes essays In ordinary life, animals arent given human like characteristics. In Planet of the Apes, by William T. Quick, the apes are personified as humans in many ways. First, the apes are able to walk on two legs. Another way they are humanized is because the apes have a well-rounded army. Lastly, the apes have feelings and sympathy. These are some of the many ways that the apes are characterized as humans. One way the apes are human like is that they walk on two feet. When Davidson (the protagonist) crashes on a mysterious planet, he finds himself in the midst of a stampede of what appears to be humans, who are being pursued by what appear to be apes, who are running on two feet. After this he is then caught and then put into jail or some sort of slave type establishment. In this jail, apes, outside the jail bars, surround him. They all are walking on two feet. Another way is that apes have an army. The army is lead by General Thade, and his second hand man, Attar. They do not salute in this army; they hit each others chests. They have specific commands as like any other army in the world. Some commands listed in the novel were, Send the 1st line, March, and finally About face. The last way I said they were human like was that all of the apes had feelings, and some of the apes felt sympathy. Krull, the ape who was in cahoots with Davidson, must of felt sorry for him and his kind, because he was helping him rebel against the all of the other sadistically minded apes. Both Krull and Ari, an ape that was attracted to Davidson since they met, felt sympathy towards the human race on this strange planet. This novel has apes personified, as humans in many ways. Like walking, having an army, and feeling and having sympathy. All of these characteristics the apes have are very abnormal and unheard of for animals. ...

Observation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Observation paper - Essay Example This paper discusses the basis of females making use of a gym setting and how they are able to reap success through the differing standards which are in common use in the times like today. It has been observed that within a gym setting, not many women feel comfortable. This is because they believe that unwanted people are staring at them for peculiar reasons. Then again, there are women who generally disconnect with the world around them and concentrate on getting fit and healthy. Their gym exercises are such that they rely on them alone without thinking about anything else. Within a gym setting, females usually feel insecure because they are a victim of their own gender. They have no clue why men look at them and would like to know what is so special about them that makes the women clan feel down. However, this does not imply for all men being like that. There are some handful of men who want the women to feel subjugated for ulterior motives that they have best knowledge about. I found out within a gym setting that a female was being constantly harassed by a group of men who were also training with her. I discerned that there was a mess which was entirely under the aegis of gender that needed to be taken care of. The woman under consideration was not wary of how shabbily the men were talking about her. All she felt was that the men did not look at her in a dignified manner. She knew something or the other was fishy that made her conspicuous of the entire scenario at the gym (Hurley, 1996). She tried changing her stance to let the men know that she was watching but the men were bent upon creating a scene for all the wrong reasons. Some thing or the other needed to be done about it and so did this woman go up to the gym manager and complained about the men present in the gym as they were creating a scene for reasons best known to them. When they were inquired about the gender harassment that they were indulging into, they completely

International marketing planning (Opening Wal-mart in Saudi Arabia) Essay

International marketing planning (Opening Wal-mart in Saudi Arabia) - Essay Example (Aruvian, 2013). Wal-Mart Stores Inc. operates retail stores worldwide under the brand name Walmart. It is a company based out of Bentonville, Arkansas, USA. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has three sections: Walmart US, Walmart International and Sam’s Club. (Aruvian, 2013). In the business end of scheme, it has operations for â€Å"retail stores, restaurants, discount stores, supermarkets, supercenters, hypermarkets, warehouse clubs, apparel stores, Sam’s Clubs, neighborhood markets, and other small formats, as well as walmart.com; and samsclub.com.† (Aruvian, 2013) The company is engaged in selling products such as â€Å"meat, produce, deli, bakery, dairy, frozen foods, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and floral and dry grocery; health and beauty aids, baby products, household chemicals, paper goods, and pet supplies; and electronics, toys, cameras and supplies, photo processing services, cellular phones, cellular service plan contracts and prepaid service, movies , music, video games, and books. Its stores also provide stationery, automotive accessories, hardware and paint, sporting goods, fabrics and crafts, and countless other products. Further, it operates banks that provide consumer financing programs; and offers financial services and related products, including money orders, prepaid cards, wire transfers, check cashing, and bill payment.† (Aruvian, 2013) The demographics and domestic demand in Saudi Arabia encourages Retail Markets. However, it is subject to similar issues that face the retail sector globally and the market is qualified with its own set of unique situations. (David Macadam and Soraka Al-Khatib n.d) Saudi Arabia is one of the biggest and rapidly growing markets in the retail sector across the Middle East and North African Countries (MENA). (David Macadam and Soraka Al-Khatib n.d). The Nation has a strong youth population which is quissentially the target market for big Retail Stores such

How the recent economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace Research Paper

How the recent economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace manufacturing industry - Research Paper Example This industry is mainly concerned with the manufacturing and planning of new and improved spacecraft to explore the universe, designing aircraft for the transport of the civilians and military services as well as missiles with the aim of national defense. The industry employs nearly 1703000 people retaining the global diverse talents. Owing to the heavy investment in the research related functions a significant percentage of the people employed with the aerospace are scientists, engineers and technicians (Cook, n.d.). b. Short history of Boeing and Airbus Boeing is the leader in the manufacturing of space, defense and security systems and commercial jetliners. A top ranked exporter in US the company serves customers across 90 countries. The products and services of the company include military & commercial aircraft, weapons, electronics, satellites and defense systems, launch systems, advanced communication & information systems. The airline has long history of aerospace innovation a nd leadership. The company has continually expanded its product lines and services to satisfy the growing needs of the customers (Boeing. 2011). Aircraft ranks among the leading manufacturer of aircraft that has propelled the company to the forefront by virtue of customer focus, technological leadership, commercial know-how, and manufacturing efficiency. The company provides a variety of customer services that are tailored to meet the requirements of the operators across the globe. The airline has its headquarters in Toulouse. Owned by EADS, the airline is a global enterprise with nearly 52500 employees. The company has fully owned subsidiaries in China, Japan, US, and Middle East (Airbus, 2011). Economical Crises facing the aerospace Industry The aerospace industry is grappling with a number of challenges because of the capital-intensive nature of the industry and the situation has worsened with the major governments and companies of the world facing one of the worst crises in rece nt decades. The economy across the globe is anticipated to pass through tremendous economic upheaval in the forthcoming period. a. Re-Building Confidence of the Consumer The airlines across the globe reported grim earnings over the last couple of years due to a fall in the ticket sales. The commercial aviation being an essential part of the global economy the airlines across the globe are devising new ways to restore the confidence in air transport. One such way adopted by these companies is through an extensive advertisement campaign. There was a sharp fall in the airline traffic during the recent financial crisis due to the cut-back in business travel. One of the biggest problems faced by the airlines industry is the drastic fall in the demand for air transport. Despite the bailout packages almost all the air carriers have grounded air planes to limit capacity whereas some of the big airless have even retrenched workforce to prune the massive losses (The Federalist Society, 2003). To improve the demand for the air travel the companies can announce some waivers that will lower the cost of air travel thereby making this mode of travel more attractive as well as affordable. b. Security There has been a revamp of all the security standards in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attack. The necessary security measures

Database Management System Abstract

Database Management System Abstract Database management system is a system is a computer software program that is designed as the means of managing all databases that are currently installed on a system hard drive or network. Different types of database management systems exist, with some of them designed for the oversight and proper control of databases that are configured for specific purposes. Here are some examples of the various incarnations of DBMS technology that are currently in use, and some of the basic elements that are part of DBMS software applications. INTRODUCTION A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way.fig 1.1 Instead of having to write computer programs to extract information, user can ask simple questions in a query language. Thus, many DBMS packages provide Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features. It helps to specify the logical organization for a database and acce ss and use the information within a database. It provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and restoring the database from backups. A DBMS also provides the ability to logically present database information to users. history Databases have been in use since the earliest days of electronic computing. Unlike modern systems which can be applied to widely different databases and needs, the vast majority of older systems were tightly linked to the custom databases in order to gain speed at the expense of flexibility. Originally DBMSs were found only in large organizations with the computer hardware needed to support large data sets.Some types of DBMS are : 1960s Navigational DBMS As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose database systems emerged; by the mid-1960s there were a number of such systems in commercial use. Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, Integrated Data Store (IDS), founded the Database Task Group within CODASYL, the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL. In 1971 they delivered their standard, which generally became known as the Codasyl approach, and soon there were a number of commercial products based on it available. 1970s Relational DBMS Edgar Codd worked at IBM in San Jose, California, in one of their offshoot offices that was primarily involved in the development of hard disk systems. He was unhappy with the navigational model of the Codasyl approach, notably the lack of a search facility. In 1970, he wrote a number of papers that outlined a new approach to database construction that eventually culminated in the groundbreaking A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. In this paper, he described a new system for storing and working with large databases. Instead of records being stored in some sort of linked list of free-form records as in Codasyl, Codds idea was to use a table of fixed-length records. A linked-list system would be very inefficient when storing sparse databases where some of the data for any one record could be left empty. The relational model solved this by splitting the data into a series of normalized tables, with optional elements being moved out of the main table to where they would take up room only if needed. Some differences between DBMSs SQL(Structured query language) is a database computer language designed for managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS), and originally based upon relational algebra. Its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. SQL was one of the first languages for Edgar F. Codds relational model in his influential 1970 paper, A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks and became the most widely used language for relational databases.Fig 1.2 PHP(hypertext Prepocessor) provides a range of facilities to allow web database developers to retrieve data from a database and merge this dynamic content with static contect on a web paqe. It includes the actual database(where the data are stored)and the DBMS,which manages all the access to the database,the application server manages communication with the databse server with the DBMS API. Oracle DBMS Oracle database systemà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬identified by an alphanumeric system identifier or SID[4]à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬comprises at least one instance of the application, along with data storage. An instanceà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬identified persistently by an instantiation number comprises a set of operating-system processes and memory-structures that interact with the storage. In addition to storage, the database consists of online redo logs (or logs), which hold transactional history. Processes can in turn archive the online redo logs into archive logs (offline redo logs), which provide the basis (if necessary) for data recovery and for some forms of data replication. The Oracle DBMS can store and execute stored procedures and functions within itself. PL/SQL (Oracle Corporations proprietary procedural extension to SQL), or the object-oriented language Java can invoke such code objects and/or provide the programming structures for writing them. DBMS stands for Database Management System which is a general term for a set of software dedicated to controlling the storage of data. RDMBS stand for Relational DataBase Management System. This is the most common form of DBMS. Invented by E.F. Codd, the only way to view the data is as a set of tables. Because there can be relationships between the tables, people often assume that is what the word relational means. Not so. Codd was a mathematician and the word relational is a mathematical term from the science of set theory. It means, roughly, based on tables.

Imagery Depicted Through T.S. Eliots The Hollow Men Essay -- essays r

The imagery depicted in T.S. Eliot's poem "The Hollow Men" evokes a sense of desolate hopelessness and lends to Eliot's generally cynical view of civilization during this period in history. A reaction of deep and profound disappointment in mankind around him is made evident in this stark work, first published in 1925. In this short piece, Eliot enumerates several deep faults he finds in his fellowman, including hypocrisy, apathy and indifference, and leaves the reader with a feeling of overwhelming emptiness. An important feature of this poem is the fact that the narration of the poem is in first person. This establishes Eliot's and the readers relationship to the images and ideas presented. When the poem begins "We are the hollow men" rather than "They are ..." or "You are..." the reader is immediately included somehow in this description, along with Eliot himself. This type of narration creates a sense of common "hollowness" and by the end of the poem, therefore, a sense of common responsibility and guilt. Early in the poem, Eliot creates a world of desolation. The idea of dryness is emphasized by the repetition of the word "dry" in the first stanza, where we read of "dried voices," "dry grass" and "dry cellar." When he mentions the sound of "rats feet over broken glass" he succinctly and subtly prods at our anxieties about urban disease and decay, showing us a sort of fle...

Home School vs. Public School Essay

I prefer home schooling over public schooling; which one do you prefer? There are both pros and cons for both Home Schooling and Public Schooling. I am going to explain this all to you in my essay. I personally was home schooled for a few years during middle and high school. All of elementary school and part of middle school I went to a regular school. My reasoning for choosing to be home schooled is I have Agoraphobia which is an anxiety disorder caused by situations where people perceive the environment as being difficult to escape or get help. As soon as I would walk into a class room I would have a panic attack. One thing I liked about public school was being able to play volleyball. I loved playing it for the little bit of time that I was in middle school. Even though I wasn’t really all that great, So I didn’t play very much. That is one con of being home schooled. You cannot play sports affiliated with any school. A pro for public schooling is you have a group environment to learn in with others to help you. On the other hand with home schooling you are on your own. In home schooling you have less choices of curriculum as you would if you were going to public school. You also have more diversity in public school. When going to public school you have a higher student to teacher ratio, now with home schooling there is a small teacher to student ratio. In home schooling you are free to choose your schedule, as in public school your schedule is strict and chosen for you. Public school chooses the curriculum for you. Unlike in home schooling you can choose your own. There are now roughly millions of children being home schooled. Being home schooled teaches students to be independent in their learning choices. Sometimes home schooling can be more expensive than going to public school. Teachers are not always qualified to teach all subjects, and colleges sometimes have stricter admission policies concerning home schooled students. It is also harder to provide social interaction when being home schooled. Like I had stated before I prefer home schooling but everyone has their own opinions. This is the reason why I have enrolled myself into the University of Phoenix online. So that I can have the flexibility of my classes, this way I can work around my everyday life and not miss out when it comes to spending time with my boys. I hope that the information in my essay was helpful to you.

Othello Report Essay Essays

Othello Report Essay Essays Othello Report Essay Paper Othello Report Essay Paper In here, Othello talks about wanting to be remembered with fairness as one who loved too much, how he was tricked into extreme jealousy and as one who did not realize the worth of what he had. He expresses his desire to be recorded as the man who killed a Turk who insulted the state of Venice, and kills himself, dying on Desdemonas bed. Cassio was shocked as he had known Othello as the brave one. Lodovico then ended the tragic incident by asking Cassio to deal with the defeated Iago, asking Gratiano to guard the house leaving him with Othellos fortune. Iago pretty well convinced Othello that his wife was unfaithful. With this lie believed, he became extremely jealous and strangled Desdemona to death, realizing only too late that she is completely innocent after all. As he delivers his last speech, he reflects upon the period of his life and his service as the Venetian army. He describes his transformation from a proud soldier to a murderer. He demanded for the truth to be represented cleanly and asserts that it was his own foolishness and jealousy that caused Desdemonas death, and not the actions of Iago. From line 334 onwards was the romantic use of Othellos language. It was a speech that reestablishes his honorable nature and his greatness. Othello started talking to Lodovico. I have done the state some service this line implies that Othello reminded them who he was back in the past, how he made the state proud of him and his reputation. He commanded Lodovico to record his story faithfully. I pray you in your letters the word pray could mean that he is begging Lodovico to do what Othello says. Then you must speak Of one that loved not wisely, but too well; Of one, not easily jealous, but being wrought Perplexed in the extreme With these lines, Othello reviews the plays dramatic arc. Its brings back how Othello used to be in the beginning of the play, before the whole incident occurred. At the beginning of the play, he is a hero, proud, and dignified. His downfall was due to someone which he could not really control Iago. Like base Indian, threw the pearl away This was referring to Othello himself as he was a black just like an Indian. Base Indian could be the American Indian who did not value precious stones. Othello referred himself to an Indian because he did not recognize Desdemonas true value. Othello then breaks down into tears, something which he is not used to. Albeit unused to the melting mood He allows himself to express sadness at his own fate. Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees This indicated that Othello is having a real heartfelt break down, as he emphasizes that tears were coming down faster than normal, despite that he probably never broke down and cried before. Othello told Lodovico to record his tears, tells him how he once came upon a Turk beating a Venetian and violently killed him. There is a bit of contradictory here. In the beginning of the play, Othello was far more than black but now he has turned Turk and become a true racial outsider. In line 351, the circumcised dog these words sounds ultimately wrong to describe Othello. He could mean himself being betrayed, being a fool, being too gullible, being dumb all these words being put together. He then killed himself: And smote him, thus. It was the same way as the Turk being killed, as mentioned above. In this passage, there were also some words of racism such as Indian, Arabian and turbaned Turk. All these words were being referred to Othello himself when he made his speech. His final words summarized his position at the end of the play, regaining his composure. He started from a noble figure and dies as a murderer. His last speech emphasizes the tragedy of his downfall and perfectly encapsulates the themes of the play. Gratiano indicates that Othellos speech was something unexpected, something which he would never expect to hear coming out from Othellos mouth: All thats spoke is marred. This was probably because Gratiano never expects Othello to be in that state where he gives everything up. As he is dying, he says that he kissed Desdemona before he killed her with regret and sadness. This suggests that perhaps his love for her flickered briefly within his dark soul before he murdered her. He reminds himself that perhaps he was not wholly corrupt, but he dies knowing that his soul is lost. Lodovico speaks to Iago with harsh words. He called him a Spartan dog which meant savagery. More fell that anguish, hunger, or the sea He said that Iago was crueller than anguish, hunger and the sea. They are 3 totally different words that Lodovico that is used to compare Iagos cruelty. This emphasizes that Iago is inhuman, being crueller than anything else. The object poisons sight; Let it be hid. He referred to the sight of Othello slumped against Desdemona on bed as an object as they are already dead. The word poisons could also be referring to Iagos cruelty and unfaithfulness. He wants it not to be seen as not to let anyone be reminded of Iago. He also told Gratiano to grab hold of Othellos possession. As they succeed on you. He thinks Gratiano is the most capable one. Lastly, he told Cassio to decide what to do with Iago, which he referred to as the hellish villain, again emphasizing his cruelty. The next few lines of Lodovicos speech were sad words that ended this whole tragedy. He said he must return to Venice and with heavy heart relates this heavy act. He described both the heart and act heavy indicating the disaster Iago had caused. The speeches made at the last part of the play were all miserable. Othello made his last speech in that way because he wanted the audience to know who he really is before he dies. He speaks about his past service to the Venetian state and he describes himself not as a barbarous foreigner but as one who loved not wisely but too well, as one who was preyed upon and as one perplexed in the extreme. He has accepted what has happened and is willing to punish himself for it.

Free Essays on The Kiss

like dark, and heavy to describe the man; describing the position and action of his hands and arms with phrases like caught her, holds her still, and make her turn implies force. Thus, Ferlinghetti establishes the man as an active threat. He is imposing himself on the woman, so gently so insistently and yet his urgent hunger seems wild and animal like. By contrast, Ferlinghetti assigns a defensive and somehow helpless quality to t... Free Essays on The Kiss Free Essays on The Kiss In literature, there is a constant use of various literary devices. Imagery is a literary device that uses the patterns of related comparative aspects of language in literary work. In â€Å"Short Story on a Painting of Gustav Klimt†, Lawrence Frelinghetti uses imagery to develop the poem’s tone, feeling, self impression, and meaning. Lawrence Frelinghetti describes how the colors of the poem contributeto the meaning of the literary work. The colors in Gustav’s Klimt The Kiss spin around the two figures in the painting, catching the eye and drawing the reader in with their wild necessity. Two lovers’ robes shape the couple into a single body, pushed together and pulled upward by the empty space that surrounds them, held up by the bed of colorful flowers they rest upon. The dark colors in the man’s robe emerge almost invisibly into the brighter, clearer colors of the woman’s. The figures are overwhelmed by the richness of their clothing. Therefore, Ferlinghetti touches briefly upon the couple’s garments – he describes the man’s â€Å"..gold/harlequin robe/checkered with /dark squares,† and the woman’s â€Å"long dress made/of multicolored blossoms/quilted on gold.† Both of these descriptions support the poet’s argument for the man’s locomotive power and the woman’s passivity. The harlequin robe denotes the hero and his flashy mo vements in the painting. The woman, on the other hand, is weighed down by her multi-colored dress, which is made of â€Å" †¦blossoms quilted on gold.† Using words like dark, and heavy to describe the man; describing the position and action of his hands and arms with phrases like caught her, holds her still, and make her turn implies force. Thus, Ferlinghetti establishes the man as an active threat. He is imposing himself on the woman, so gently so insistently and yet his urgent hunger seems wild and animal like. By contrast, Ferlinghetti assigns a defensive and somehow helpless quality to t...

LOCAL POLICE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM Research Paper

LOCAL POLICE RESPONSE TO TERRORISM - Research Paper Example In the United States, federal law enforcement agencies such as Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, and other local police agencies at the state, county, and municipal levels have been assigned with the duty of policing terrorism. Although contribution of local police to counterterrorism practices does not generally get wide media coverage, local police plays a major role in fighting terrorism. The local contribution to counterterrorism policing is particularly important in the United States since the US police practices were historically focused at the local level. This paper will specifically discuss local police response to terrorism. The concept of intelligence-led policing has attained wider attention in the United States since FBI reports indicate that the US is the world’s one of the hottest destinations for terror attacks. Although the intelligence based policing policy was developed as a way of reducing policing costs in the US, nowadays the nation uses this approach to address counterterrorism activities. According to the 9/11 Commission report (as cited in Gill, 2006), intelligence-led policing is a potential approach to ‘join up the dots’. Currently, the New York Police Department is the largest high profile user of intelligence-led policing tactics, with over 1,000 officers working to fight terrorism. This policing strategy would be accessible to the local police departments to easily identify suspicious activities (For instance, high volume purchase of hydrogen peroxide) and thereby timely respond to them. The US local police also encourage people to report any suspicious activity t o local authorities through the police hot line. Through media broadcasts, today people have good knowledge about which situations are likely to develop into a terrorist attack. Hence, the local police hotline system together with

Violations of the Code of Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Violations of the Code of Ethics - Research Paper Example In this regard, it is important to understand that the personal integrity can be defined as those ethical values that are commonly understood and practiced across the society and to some extent they also reflect code of ethical behavior (Wells, 2011.p. 18). In the conflict of interest video, Willy Wilson violated the ethical rule of personal integrity. Conflict of interest is defined as a situation in which personal interest and official duties collide and there is little room to justify the position in that situation (Council of Europe, 2008. p.85). In the video, Willy Wilson tried to serve both personal interest and the official duties simultaneously which is tantamount to the violation of the ethical code no. 6 of American Society for Public Administration. Ethical codes are also developed by the ICMA. Tenet number 10 states that members must not seek favor and this favor can be in the shape of gifts or profits that have been received secretly (International City/County Management Association, 2014). In the story of bribe video, Mike Peters violates the tenet no. 10 of the ICMA Code of Ethics. Mike Peters is a senior analyst working for NASA. It is a part of his official job description to evaluate and recommend software. While recommending the software, he insisted that the recommended software should be purchased from Peace organization which sold the similar software. Later on, it was reported that Mr. Peters was offered and received valuable gifts from Peace organization and such gifts were only given for recommending purchase of software from Peace organization. In this regard, it is important to understand that if the value of gifts was considerably smaller than the purchase price of software, there were chances that it would have not been termed as a form of bribe. But that was not the case. A higher value of

Federal emergency grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Federal emergency grant - Essay Example The center works in liaison with the US fire administration, police, Emergency Response Institute and the Federal Emergency Management Agency among others for better preparedness (Kimmel 2006).Apparently San Marcos is prepared to respond to emergency through the many training sessions facilitated by Emergency Response Institute (ERI), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Texas State University. There is also awareness creation on the potential hazards in the area through participatory assessment of those hazards (Ashby, 2010). The school has and the community has access to hotlines in case of emergencies for immediate response. The school needs the grant to improve their preparedness by increasing the equipment required, expanding the transport system to prevent possible accidents. They also needs funds to conduct a comprehensive, strength based vulnerability assessment of the school buildings and grounds given that the district lies on the fault line. This will help us improve our mitigation plan (Burnet, 2008). Currently the fault lines have led to creation of springs which provide water to the residents and act as tourism attraction. San Marcos River as never run dry thus providing water for agricultural purpose. The Aquarena and wornderworldare spring are major tourist attraction for rearing some of the endangered aquatic species on earth. The school is collaborating with the community to develop appropriate policies and procedures in building a better team that is well prepared to respond to crisis. This way the process is integrated so as some of the resources can be shared. The school has looked at Federal Emergency Response and Crisis Management Plans Discretionary Grants legislation, regulation and administrative requirement and is certain to comply with them. The school is ready to sign the required agreements, documents and permits together with preparing a quarterly

After Reading The Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

After Reading The Road Not Taken Essay Introduction Within works of literature, often times the most valuable part of the work is not that which is readily apparent after a quick reading of the work; the true gems to be found within literature are those which are only discovered after a thorough study of the work and a deep consideration of what the author is really trying to convey to a reader, or perhaps conclusions that readers can draw on their own through the use of their imagination and interpretation. With all of this in mind, Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken will be the focus of this research. Why This Work was Chosen There are several reasons why this work was chosen as the focus of the research; first, even when the work is quickly read and taken just at face value, as was earlier discussed, the words flow beautifully and make the mind of the reader travel, just as the narrator of the work seems to do. When Frost uses such adjectives as â€Å"yellow†, â€Å"grassy† and the like, one feels peaceful and calm. On the other hand, just as this work reveals certain elements to the reader from the first reading, closer review and consideration drives the imagination of the reader to create other reactions and conclusions about the work, and perhaps that is the best thing that any work can do-to inspire the reader to a higher level of thought, emotion and belief. With all of this in mind, it is now possible to discuss reactions to Frost’s work which makes all of these points much clearer. Reactions to the Work Simply put, the first reaction that came about through a study of The Road Not Taken is one of excitement for the limitless opportunities open to human beings as indicated by Frost. When Frost wrote: â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference† (Frost, 1930, p. 131), what he appears to be saying is that by taking on those challenges and directions in life that other cannot or will not take on in fact can strengthen the individual and give them a deeper and more meaningful life. Additionally, this work has also come across as a highly inspirational one, as it tells the reader that they can be or do anything they choose- representation of the ultimate level of freedom. Conclusion As this research moves toward its conclusion, there are a few key points that deserve repeating. First, this research has shown that through the talents of skilled authors, words can in fact be put into sentences and phrases which transport the reader to another place and state of emotion. In this way, people are able to be enhanced and changed by reading, and experiencing, given works of literature. Second, while many works are captivating and enlightening from the first reading of them, the more and more that they are read and more deeply studied, there are new attributes which come to the surface. Third, and perhaps most importantly, literature proves that the human experience is not something which reaches a certain level or age and is considered complete; rather, it is a constantly changing and ongoing phenomenon which is enriched through things such as literature which expand the mind, broaden the imagination, and soothe the soul of readers. These conclusions came to mind as a result of studying The Road Not Taken and only prove, once again, that choosing this work to research was an excellent idea. References Frost, R. (1930). Collected Poems of Robert Frost. New York: Henry Holt.

Case Study: Urbanisation In Nairobi

Case Study: Urbanisation In Nairobi With an ever-growing global population have come changes in the way that cities emerge and develop, with urbanization being one of the most prominent. While only 10% of the worlds population lived in cities in 1900, this percentage has now ballooned to over 50% (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 66). During this period of urbanization, trends characterizing urbanizing cities have developed, each posing their own unique challenges for urban planners. These trends include: the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, environmental degradation, the introduction of institutional changes and participatory planning, and changes due to poor economic conditions. A city is largely defined by its residents. While developed and transitional countries are characterized by aging populations, it is estimated that 60% of residents in urban areas of developing countries will be under the age of 18 by the year 2030 (United Nations Human Settlements Programme [UN-Habitat], 2009, p. 10). These countries will also see their young urban populations grow by 50% within the next 40 years (ibid, p. 10). A country defined by older citizens and a declining or negative growth rate has different priorities and needs than a rapidly growing country with a young populace. These distinctions create different challenges for urban planners. Urban planners of developed and transitional countries are faced with the problem of renewing cities now in their deindustrialization phase. They have to transform areas and structures that have been abandoned by redeveloping waterfronts and brownfields, supported by programs such as the Brownfields Initiative in the United States, so that these areas can contribute to the future growth of the city (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 83). They also need to consider how current health systems and facilities for the elderly population can be updated and expanded to accommodate the aging baby boom population. Urban planners in the global south, however, are tasked with developing infrastructures to supply rapidly growing populations with housing, water, and sanitation. Systems need to be developed that will support the surge in young residents, providing facilities and programs that will serve this age group as they begin to shape the future of the city. The emergence of predominant age groups challenges planners to consider the specific needs of that age group. As cities grow in population, they also tend to grow in physical size and expand outwards. This expansion is apparent as the majority of the worlds urban population lives in cities and towns of less than 500,000 people rather than in megacities, which are home to populations of at least 10 million (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 73; UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 11). In developed countries like Canada and the United States, this growth has manifested itself in the form of sprawl, creating suburbs that are made up of homogeneous segregated uses: housing subdivisions, shopping centers, office/business parks, large civic institutions, and roadways heavily dependant on collector roads (Randolph, 2004, p. 37). These suburbs are auto-centric, characterized by their residents tendency to travel by personal vehicle. Planners must consider how to guide a citys growth and maintain its sustainability in the midst of the air pollution and high energy consumption associated with automobiles. Unlike these d eveloped countries, Hostovsky (2010b) notes that growth in the developing world has manifested itself as over-urbanization rather than sprawl (p. 19). Huge populations form cities in these countries, which are then surrounded by informal housing areas known as shantytowns or slums. Since shantytowns are considered illegal, there is often no government support to provide the infrastructure necessary for adequate water supply, sanitation, electricity, trash collection, etc. (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 90). Planners are challenged to consider how to approach these underserved communities as previous attempts to formalize these areas have resulted in further deterioration in quality of life (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). Urban planners must consider how sprawl and over-urbanization affect the countries in which they occur, and ensure that infrastructures reach the necessary distances and serve the huge numbers of underprivileged citizens that they need to. There is also an alarming trend of environmental degradation and an increasing frequency of natural disasters. Climate change is soon expected to affect the worlds ability to access water, produce food, and maintain healthy populations (ibid, p. 2). Exacerbating this issue of climate change is the proliferation of suburbs and industries that rely on oil as an energy source, leading to significant increases in greenhouse gas emissions (ibid, p. 3). The climate change issue is one that all countries must consider, be they developed, transitional, or developing. Countries are faced with the challenge of supplying their populations with access to food and water in an environment that will no longer be able to sustain such large populations and rapid growth. If the entire globe were to live at the same standards as North Americans, two additional planets would be required to accommodate the increase in ecological load (Hostovsky, 2010a, p. 35). In addition to the degradation of the natura l environment, has come an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. The global rate of occurrence has increased fourfold since 1975, with a threefold increase in Africa in the past 10 years (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 14). Of particular concern is the fact that disasters have the greatest impact on the poorest of the poor. Of the 270 million people affected by disasters in 2002, 98% of those people were residents of low-income countries (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 125). This can be charged to the fact that these low-income countries simply do not have the financial capability to implement disaster preparedness programs like developed countries. Planners will need to use innovative ways to build infrastructures that will be able to withstand these natural disasters and mitigate the economic and human life losses that ensue. By mitigating climate change and planning for natural disasters, urban planners have a significant role in ensuring that the expected population growth is sus tainable with one planet. The trends of urbanizing cities are occurring not only amidst changes in the natural environment, but also changes in the political environment. Governments are no longer in the same form as when these cities were first founded. Citizens are demanding participatory approach to planning, no longer willing to merely accept the planning decisions of their leaders (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 3). Planners will need to recognize that public consultations will partially guide their work and that their work will only be effective in a political environment that is stable (ibid, p. 3). All of the trends discussed above exist in an economic context, one that has changed significantly over the past century. Economies of the world have become integrated through the process of economic globalization. As a result of this globalization, all countries are feeling the effects of the current recession. This recession is expected to decrease the amount of funding available for urban development projects, increase unemployment rates, and exacerbate current poverty levels (ibid, p. 12). All countries, regardless of whether they are developed, transitional, or developing, will have to face these financial issues. Planners will be faced with the challenge of developing sustainable urban centres with limited budgets. With the trends associated with urbanizing cities (the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, environmental degradation, the introduction of institutional changes and participatory planning, and changes due to poor economic conditions) come unique challenges for urban planners to ensure that this rapid urbanization is successful and sustainable. Part 2 A Global City: Nairobi, Kenya Overview Located in eastern Africa, Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya (see Figure 1). With 3 million residents, the citys population is growing at a rate of 3.8% per year (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007). The majority of the residents are between 15-64 years of age, with a median age of 18.7 (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], 2010). Nairobi was founded in 1902 by the British colonial government and informal housing has been developing there ever since (Warah, 2001, p. 1). The colonial government believed that Africans did not need, nor deserve, accommodation as they were the source of disease (Republic of Kenya, 2005, p. 4). Strict regulations and planning laws restricted the Africans access to urban land in order to isolate them from the Europeans and as a result, informal housing began being built on the perimeter of the cities (ibid, p. 4). These areas were soon destroyed and the residents were forced to return to rural areas. When Kenya achieved independence in 1963, new legislation was introduced that provided subsidized housing, but these subsidies favoured middle and upper income groups even though 70% of the demand for this housing came from the poor (ibid, p. 4). In the 1970s to early 1980s, the government provided minimal services to the slum communities, but when Structural Adjustment Programmes were introduced in 1986, the government no longer provided subsidies, causing life in the shantytowns to further deteriorate (Warah, 2001, p. 2). In the past, there have been attempts to upgrade these shantytowns but lack of affordability, high standards for infrastructure, land tenure complication, misallocation and administrative inefficiency have caused mixed results (Republic of Kenya, 2005, p. 5). The Republic of Kenya and United Nations came together in 2000 to develop the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme (KENSUP) which is in the process of implemented (ibid, p. 5). Sixty-percent of Nairobis population lives in slums that cover 5% of the citys land (UN-Habitat, 2010). In these slums, only 20% of residents are connected to electricity and 4% have water connections, while solid waste disposal services are nearly nonexistent (ibid). Economy Nairobi began as a stop on the Kenya Uganda Railway (Mitullah, 2003, p. 1). Although it used to be a mere stop on the route, the city became a centre for commercial trade and business when the railways headquarters were moved from Mombasa to Nairobi in 1899 (ibid, p. 1). Today, over 86% of Nairobis residents participate in the citys economy (ibid, p. 4). The citys labour force is comprised of 67,900 individuals in[the] manufacturing industry, 39,700 in building and construction; 57,300 in trade, restaurants, and hotels, 42,200 in finance, insurance, real estate and business services; while community, social, and personal services [employ] 155,900 people (ibid, p. 4). Although so many residents are employed in these formal industries, the majority of people still engage in informal economic activities such as small trade because employment in the informal sector has grown by 176% while formal sector employment has contracted by 0.43% (ibid, p. 4, see Figure 3). As Kenyas capital city, Nairobi also plays a large role in the countrys economy, serving as the regional core for trade and finance (CIA, 2010). It is through this trading capability that Kenya can export almost $4.5 billion worth of tea, coffee, petroleum products, fish and cement to the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Uganda, Tanzania, the United States and Uganda (ibid) per year. Social Issues Nairobi is home to one of the largest slums in the world, Kibera (see Figure 2), which has a population of over 1 million residents (Amnesty International, 2009). Kibera is plagued by social inequities and issues, some of the most prominent being the high rate of HIV/AIDS, the high levels of youth crime, and inequality for women. Youth in Kenya usually only receive ten years of schooling (CIA, 2010). With the lowest literacy rate in the country, Nairobi youth are not empowered to solve their own problems and problems of the community (City Council of Nairobi, 2009, p. 7). This lack of education continues with them and affects the quality of decisions that they make in the future. For example, leaders failed to recognize the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment programs in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and it is estimated that their delay in making these programs available led to 3.8 million person-years lost in South Africa from 2000-2005 (Harvard School of Public Health, 2008). Over 1.2 million of the countrys population is estimated to be living with this disease with 150,000 dying each year, making Kenya 4th in the world in terms of the number of deaths attributed to this disease (CIA, 2010). There is a lack of education and social stigma surrounding this disease that prevents the country f rom mitigating its horrible effects. Crime is another issue that proliferates throughout Kenya and Nairobi. The frequency of crimes such as armed robbery, murder, mugging, car-jacking, housebreaking, physical and sexual assault have all been increasing (UN-Habitat, 2007, p. 1). A trend is also occurring where the majority of crimes are committed by youth. In fact, over 50% of convicted prisoners are between the ages of 16 to 25 (ibid, p. 1). The Mungiki movement is a key case of this. The movement is considered the most organized criminal group in the country. They are responsible for the death of 23 residents in 2002, imposing illegal taxes, and controlling the security, water and electricity in slums (ibid, p. 1). Although the residents of Kibera are all exposed to the issues that face the shantytown, women are particularly affected by this negative environment. They are not given the same access to education, they are expected to care for their families, and they are not protected by the police force. Although women are given access to an education, they are often so burdened with home responsibilities that they drop out of school. They feel this burden because they not only take care of their own siblings and children, but they often end up caring for orphans whose parents passed away from HIV. As a teacher in the area notes, [Girls] are not given time to learn and study at home. So that means they will eventually fail (Amnesty International, 2009). These women are not only underprivileged but they are also invisible to the systems that should be meant to protect them. The corridors of these slums are unsafe, especially at night. Should a woman be raped, her report to the police would be use less unless she herself can find the perpetrator herself (ibid). As a result, fewer reports are filed and the vicious cycle that allows these acts to occur continues on. Nairobi residents, especially those of slums like Kibera, are often uneducated, without the knowledge to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and the growing rates of youth crime. Women and girls are often the greatest impacted due to the social inequality towards women, without the opportunity to receive a proper education and subject to the apathy of the police force. Environmental Issues and Infrastructure As mentioned previously, Nairobi is home to Kibera, one of the largest shantytowns in the world (Amnesty International, 2009). These areas of informal housing are exposed to the environmental issues. Residents are plagued by issues in air pollution, solid waste management, and potable water supply and sanitation. Like many cities in North America, increased use of personal vehicles has caused an increase in air pollution in Nairobi. The pollution is also created from industries, charcoal fire, and the incineration of waste in open pits (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 8). This air pollution has already led to a loss of biodiversity, an increase in acid rain and climate change (ibid, p. 8). Nairobi only has one solid waste disposal dump at Dandora, which is believed to have already reached full capacity (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 9). With nowhere to dispose of their waste, residents of Nairobi slums have resorted to illegal dump yards, residential backyards and commercial property (ibid, p. 9). Over 50% of the wastes are organic (ibid, p. 9), and when these materials decompose, residents are exposed to high levels of bacteria and vector borne diseases such as malaria and Rift Valley fever (CIA, 2010). The most evident environmental issue in Nairobi is related to its water supply and sanitation. Water is crucial to the survival of all living things, and yet, only 42% of Nairobi households have access to clean water (City Council of Nairobi, 2007, p. 11). Further exacerbating this issue of lack of clean water is the fact that contaminated water is not always treated. In fact, only two-thirds of Nairobi residents have access to sanitation, with many slum residents using a pit latrine that is shared by many people (ibid, p. 12). Forced to fetch potentially unclean water from other sources, residents are exposed to dangerous water-borne diseases which are responsible for 30% of deaths in the global south (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 163). Residents are at a high degree of risk for waterborne diseases such as bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and schistosomiasis (CIA, 2010). Part 3 Conclusions Africa is one of the regions experiencing the greatest rate of urbanization in the world (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 10). Although this urbanization provides new opportunities for economic and social growth, it also poses unique challenges and issues for the development of cities such as Nairobi. Planners need to consider trends that are true of most urbanizing cities (the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, changes due to poor economic conditions, and an increasing susceptibility to disasters), but also focus on the issues that are specific to Nairobi. Nairobi has a growing population of young people. With the lowest literacy rate in the country, Nairobi youth are not empowered to solve their own problems and problems of the community (City Council of Nairobi, 2009, p. 7). These youth are also at a high risk for HIV/AIDS and are susceptible to being influenced by organized crime groups. If planners manage to develop systems that will educate and protect these young residents, they may reduce the risk of contracting such a deadly disease and the crime rate. Like other urbanizing cities, Nairobi is growing in size as its population increases. However, unlike North America where this growth has been characterized by the emergence of suburbs, Nairobi has been over-urbanized. Since Africa is dominated by a few key cities, planners must be prepared to deal with the sprawl, congestion and environmental effects that are often associated with urban primacy (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). While the entire world is experiencing more natural disasters, Africa is at the peak of this, experiencing a three-fold increase in the past 10 years alone (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 14). Since lower-income countries are more susceptible to both capital and human loss due to the lack of disaster recovery programs, Nairobi will be faced with the challenge of building infrastructures and implementing programs that will help in the mitigation of loss during these disasters. Finally, these trends and issues faced by Nairobi are occurring in the worst economic recession since 1945 (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). Planners will be faced with the task of building new infrastructures and implementing new programs with less financial support, and in an environment where unemployment and poverty levels are rising. Nairobi will encounter a long journey before it can become an ideal model of a global urbanizing city. Its greatest weakness is its lack of an official plan. The latest approved city plan was developed in 1948, with a revised version submitted in 1973 that was never approved (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 3). Without a plan, leaders and citizens can never expect to develop a city that is successful and sustainable. Figure 1 Map of Kenya (CIA, 2010) Figure 2 Kibera, a slum in Nairobi (Amnesty International, 2010) Figure 3 Comparison of formal and informal sectors (Mitullah, 2003, p. 4)

Congo :: essays research papers

Desperate Battle Defines Congo's Warlike Peace At the southern extreme of a ragged front line that winds 1,400 miles across Congo lies a ferry, dirty pink and half-submerged in the muddy Luvua River. Facing it on a gravel ramp stand the burned-out husks of 33 military vehicles -- armored personnel carriers, trucks, an ambulance -- waiting in a line that never moved forward. Unopened syringes lie underfoot, amid charred tires and a trampled note that a fleeing Congolese junior officer left behind: "Attaque," reads the neat cursive French. But by the time Rwandan forces approached Pweto on Dec. 3, the Congolese government army was in no position to attack. It was in panicked retreat, leaving a tableau of ruin on the riverbank and opening a rare window on a war usually fought out of sight. In two months of back-and-forth fighting here in the southeastern corner of Congo, all the elements that make this country's 21/2-year-old war such a dangerous puzzle came into play: foreign armies, ethnic militia groups, remote terrain and villages utterly emptied of civilians who, from the safety of refugee camps in a neighboring country, repeat matter-of-fact accounts of massacres. This is the "situation on the ground" that has kept the U.N. Security Council from dispatching 5,500 peacekeepers to monitor a cease-fire that appears to exist only on paper. This lightly populated, mostly forested stretch between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Mweru had been one of the few corners of Congo where both sides had essentially honored a peace agreement signed 18 months ago. The Lusaka Accord, named for the Zambian capital where it was signed, was meant to arrest the cycle of advance and retreat that has marked a sprawling conflict that pits the Congolese army and allied troops from Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia against an assortment of rebel forces bolstered by Rwandan and Ugandan troops. But Congolese President Laurent Kabila, who signed the Lusaka pact in a moment of military disadvantage, has swept it aside whenever he spied what looked like a military opening. Last spring, his forces pushed back rebels sponsored by Uganda in Congo's far northwest, only to lose the same ground months later. And on Oct. 15, Kabila's armies launched a massive assault on Rwandan-held positions in the southeast, striking 100 miles north of Pweto at the town of Pepa. Six weeks later, just as happened in the northwest, Kabila's forces once again lost far more than they gained.

Ibm Ceo Virginia Rometty

Female CEO Biography Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO Abstract IBM recently promoted Virginia (Ginni) Rometty to its top leadership position. Ms. Rometty will become the first white female chief executive officer in the company’s 100-year history and every move she makes will be carefully watched. Rometty has truly earned this position and has an impressive history with IBM to show it. There are challenges ahead but Ms Rometty’s education, experience and determination will suit her well in this new role. Female CEO Biography Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO On January 1, 2012, Ms.Virginia Marie Rometty took the helm as CEO of the 19th largest revenue generating company in the world and 5th largest in market value, IBM (Hempel, 2012). At age 55, she will earn a $1. 5 million salary to add to her current net worth of $25 million. Rometty began her ascent at Big Blue over 30 years ago and hasn’t looked back. Research into her background, education and experience p aint a picture of a woman who is the true embodiment of success. Rometty has paved her way up the corporate ladder using unparalleled determination and drive that can only be admired by career women (and men) worldwide.Born in July 1957 as Virginia Marie Nicosia, the IBM leader grew up outside of Chicago, IL. She is said to come from a close-knit family, the eldest of four and raised by a single mother who saw great potential in all of her children. Ginny and her siblings were pushed to aim high. Brother Joseph is a figurehead in the commodities trading world and recently stepped down from Allenberg Cotton after serving 30 years as the CEO. One sister is a partner at Accenture and another is a senior executive at Coca-Cola. In September of 1975, Rometty entered the McCormick School of Engineering atNorthwestern University on a General Motors scholarship (Waters, 2011). She went on to intern for the automobile giant during her junior and senior years and graduated in 1979 earning a B achelor of Science with high honors in computer science and electrical engineering, an area of study dominated by males. Upon graduating, she accepted a position at GM where she was responsible for application and systems development. It is also where she met her husband, Mark Anthony Rometty. They married in 1980. Rometty & Rometty have been married for 32 years and have no children.They live their personal lives as far out of the spotlight as possible. They own homes in New York and Florida and enjoy scuba diving, Broadway plays and golf. Ginni credits her husband with providing great strength, support and encouragement throughout her career; something critics have interpreted as sacrificing his own career in the process (The New York Times, 2011). This societal stereotype that women should stay at home (or have a less successful career) and men should be the primary breadwinners is detrimental to the advancement of women.Mark Rometty should be applauded for his self-assurance and not falling victim to this mainstream thought process. Shortly after her second year with General Motors, Rometty accepted a systems analyst/technical consultant position at IBM (Hempel, 2012). She spent the first 10 years working her way up through sales and management positions in a variety of industries such as banking and insurance and made headlines in 2002 when she was credited with leading the largest professional services acquisition in history. Bloomberg (2011) reports that the $3. billion acquisition of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting gained her the attention of then CEO, Sam Palmisano. Palmisano promoted her to senior vice president of Enterprise Business Services in 2005 and within 2 years of the move, she increased EBS’ profit by 42%. In 2008, she was made Managing Partner of the Business Consulting division and rose to head IBM global sales where she was responsible for IBM’s worldwide results exceeding $99 billion in 2010 (IBM, 2012). It was at this p oint she became recognized as one of the most powerful women in business and a potential successor to Sam Palmisano.A strong voice of women’s initiatives, Rometty has been instrumental in IBM’s Women in Technology Council and the Women’s Leadership Council. She has been named to Fortune Magazine’s annual â€Å"Most Powerful Women in Business† list for eight consecutive years and is also a regular on the presentation circuit speaking at industry and business conferences. She continues to serve on the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University and the Board of Overseers and Managers of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (Daily Finance, 2012).Her strategic approach, innovative mind and keenness toward risk-taking define her leadership style. Ginni Rometty has said, â€Å"I learned to always take on things I’d never done before† (Hymowitz, 2011). She admits to having an ever-present internal critic who judges everything she thinks and do es. She quite enjoys this process of objective analysis and believes â€Å"growth and comfort do not coexist† (Hymowitz, 2011). Rometty has a magnetic personality and has always been comfortable engaging people and forging lasting relationships.This strength helped her to be at the top of her game in a career she has spent largely courting big name clients. Ms. Rometty’s new role is a first in her career, a first for IBM and a giant leap forward for career women everywhere. However, all eyes will be focused sharply on Ms. Ginni Rometty. While many have high expectations and are watching in hopeful anticipation, it is understood that there are significant challenges ahead. Some believe Rometty is not up to this task and is only promoting her predecessor’s vision and strategy for the future of IBM.She has stated her goal of adding $20 billion in revenue growth between now and 2015, and has further confirmed she will be following a plan put in place by Palmisano to do it (Zolman, 2012). However, it should be noted that Rometty had significant input into this plan and has implicit faith and trust in its underlying principles. Rometty does not accept second best and would not take stock in any plan for the future that she did not whole-heartedly believe in. Another area of concern expressed by Zolman (2012) is the change in corporate culture at IBM.Skeptics are critical of the inefficiency and ineffectiveness resulting from the layers of management that have accumulated over the last decade. These layers slow the decision making process, hide true accountability and cost the company large sums of money to provide salaries to managers hiding virtually undetected within these layers. Further, IBM has changed from a hardware company to a professional services corporation. While this decision has served them well for the most part, the sales culture is quite possibly tainted in that their product knowledge is limited and their desire for higher and higher margins is criminal.Rometty will need to address culture issues to keep IBM ahead of its industry. While the challenges are many, there is no one better suited to lead this icon of corporate America into the second century. Her technological expertise along with her storied business and management success at IBM make her a top choice to lead IBM. Ginni Rometty is driven and unrelenting and will only accept the highest levels of achievement in her pursuit. At the same time, her feet are planted firmly on the ground. She knows this will not be a walk in the park, and she prefers it that way. pic] References Daily Finance. (2012). IBM Key Executives. Retrieved November 17, 2012 from http://www. dailyfinance. com/quote/nyse/international-business-machines-corp/ibm/key-executives Hempel, J. (2012, September 20). IBM’s Ginni Rometty looks ahead. CNN Money. Retrieved October 16, 2012 from http://management. fortune. cnn. com/2012/09/20/powerful-women-rometty-ibm/ Hymowitz, C . , & Frier, S. (2011, October 26). IBM’s Rometty breaks ground as 100-year-old company’s first female leader. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 19, 2012 from http://www. loomberg. com/news/2011-10-25/ibm-names-rometty-to-succeed-palmisano-as-its-first-female-chief-executive. html IBM (2012). Virginia M. Rometty Bio. Retrieved November 15, 2012 from http://www03. ibm. com/press/us/en/biography/10069. wss Stewart, J. (2011, November 4). A C. E. O. ’s support system, a k a husband. The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2012 from http://www. nytimes. com/2011/11/05/business/a-ceos-support-system-a-k-a-husband. html? pagewanted=all&_r=0 Waters, R. (2011, October 28). More than a