At Different Stages in Our Life the Law Regulates Our Rights and Responsibilities in Different Ways. Examine How and Why Legal Rights and Responsibilities May Change over the Course of a Person’s Life.

Throughout a person’s life there is a balance between the rights and responsibilities that they are regulated by. This essay assess’ the reasons why these rights and responsibilities change and how they change during a childhood, adulthood and elderly years. When a foetus is in the womb, it has â€Å"limited legal recognition† however when the baby is born it is given a separate identity, it is registered and becomes a â€Å"legal personality. From this point on different rights and responsibilities will be gained throughout the child’s life, and they â€Å"only gain rights and responsibilities when society feels they are capable of understanding their actions and the consequences of those actions. † Rights don’t exist without responsibilities however â€Å"baby or small child cannot be expected to take responsibility for their own actions† (pg. 74) and they do not possess the mental capacity to understand the consequences.It is belie ve that when children reach the age of 10years they will have â€Å"sufficient understanding of the serious and criminal nature of their own actions and are held accountable the same way as adults. † (pg. 75) it is at this point that â€Å"children understand the difference between bad behaviour and serious wrong doing. †(pg. 75) Civil rights and responsibilities are different though as children cannot enter into a legal binding contract, although there are some exceptions. But this is â€Å"designed to protect children from unscrupulous behaviour. † (pg. 6) Children and medical care has always been an area of controversy. The Family Law Act of 1969 states that Children can only give consent to medical care at the age of 16, however following the case of Gillick V West Norfolk and Wisbeck Health Authority [1986] AC 112 it was decided that if â€Å"children under the age of 16 were competent to give their own valid consent to medical treatment if they were suffi ciently mature to understand what was being proposed. † Now if a child can prove they have ‘Gillick competency’ they are allowed to give consent. Like this, there are many other pieces of legislation written for the welfare of children, enforced by social services such as, the Education Act of 1996 required that children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school, full time. However it’s the parents’ responsibility to ensure this. (pg. ) There are also many rules on children employment such as very limited hours and the type of occupation they do. All of these Acts are for the protection of vulnerable children and adolescents.

Mothers

The parent teacher meeting is an activity which fosters good interaction between the parents of the children and the school teachers. Most of the time, these interactions provide very beneficial effects to the total welfare of the students. Apparently, there are three major groupings which can be observed among mothers who attend these kinds of meetings-the â€Å"social†, â€Å"reserved† and the â€Å"unconcerned†. The social mother is the one who actually has all the energy in order to completely devote herself to the parent-teacher meeting. In terms of expenses, she actually manages to impart more amounts of money that what is required in fulfilling a project for the benefit of the whole class, in effect of her child. She is always willing to participate in upcoming school activities. It is also a fact that this type of mother will commit right away at the earliest possible time to an activity which is still to be scheduled. When it comes to interactions with the teacher, she always manages to ask questions about the performance of her child. To get more information, and possibly some commendations from the teacher is her prized reward. The next type of a mother who attends parent-teacher meetings is the reserved one. This kind of mother pays the exact amount needed in order to fund a certain school project. When it comes to school activities, she does not commit right away but will make sure that the teacher will be able to know her compliance as soon as possible. Although she manages to go to school activities, the intention is to serve as the guardian for her child and not for any other reasons. In terms of interacting with the teacher, this kind of mother will just accept whatever the teacher will tell her about the child and would not dare elaborate more about his performance. She will just take into considerations whatever advices the teacher would give. The last type is the unconcerned mother. Since she considers her child’s welfare less of a priority, she is the one who will always complain about the expenses to be incurred for school projects; would even demand for a detailed breakdown of where the money contribution is going to be used. When it comes to school activities’ planning, this type of a mother will almost always give out reasons just to skip those important child-parent interactions in school. These reasons are closed ended and would take no other course but to deny the invitation for a school activity. The unconcerned mother would not even care to talk to her child’s teacher for any other info about his performance in class. It is very clear that doing so is just a waste of time for her. Motherly care is considered to be the most effective factor in bringing up a well rounded child. Programs such as the parent-teacher meetings will definitely provide some more good avenues to improve whatever the conditions of school children are based on the assessment of the teachers. The three groups of mothers who attend the parent-teacher meetings in schools are the core individuals who will practically influence how their respective child will develop to become good citizens.                              

Beijing Sammies

The AGROVOC Concept Server (AGROVOC/CS) Workbench is a web-based working environment consisting of numerous functionalities for the distributed management and enhancement of the AGROVOC/CS built from the AGROVOC thesaurus. Following the Semantic Web’s vision, that emphasizes collaboration in the development of data and metadata to be shared and reused across the web, the management of AGROVOC will progressively be transferred from a few individuals in FAO to a wider community of international AGROVOC experts. These interested and competent users will share the collaborative maintenance and extension of AGROVOC, one of the most frequently used terminological resources for agricultural information management in the world. Maintenance of the future extended AGROVOC will thus be completely decentralized with people worldwide contributing to its development. This report provides a brief note on the technical aspects of the AGROVOC/CS Workbench. Technical details †¢ Multilingual web interface and content (UTF8). †¢ The software is developed in pure JAVA (version 1. 5. x), with no calls to any third party modules requiring precompiled DLLs or other operating system specific features. †¢ The Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is used with an Eclipse plug-in for development of the system. It is used to build the system as a fully Java based AJAX client browser application that is compatible with all common web browsers. †¢ Where possible the JSP 2. 0 Expression Language (EL) is used for any JSP development within the project (it’s a way of writing script-less JSP pages). Protege OWL api framework is used to connect OWL. †¢ MySQL is used as RDBMS. †¢ The system is DBMS-independent. Additional database abstraction layer for interacting with the OWL backbone and the relational database will be used (e. g. the hibernate persistence and query service, etc. ). The system follows FAO guidelines for HTML publishing: †¢ Guidelines for Web site development; †¢ File naming convention and file organization guidelines; †¢ Check list for the clearance of Web sites. In summary, the system is based on the following components: Development components †¢ Eclipse 3. 2 †¢ JAVA-JDK version jdk1. 5. x †¢ Apache Tomcat (that supports JSP and JAVA Servlets) Google Web Toolkit (for AJAX framework), version 1. 4. 60 †¢ Google Web Toolkit Incubator, version 1. 4 †¢ Protege OWL API 3. 4 libraries †¢ Hibernate 3. 0 libraries †¢ Hibernate 4 GWT, version 0. 5 RC2 †¢ MySQL version 5 Server side †¢ Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Linux †¢ Apache Tomcat 5. 5. 9 or higher †¢ JAVA-JDK version jdk1. 5. x or higher †¢ MySQL version 5 or higher †¢ Protege OWL API 3. 4 libraries †¢ Hibernate 3. 0 libraries †¢ Hibernate 4 GWT, version 0. 5 RC2 †¢ WAR file with compiled JAVA files and necessary libraries Current Server Configuration †¢ OS : Debian GNU/Linux 2. 6. 22-2 †¢ CPU: AMD 64 bit †¢ Memory: 8GB †¢ MYSQL version: 5. 0. 45 TOMCAT Version: 6. 0. 14 †¢ Java-JDK: 1. 6. 0_04 Required Application 1. MySQL version 5 or above Available link to download: http://dev. mysql. com/downloads/ 2. Apache Ant version 1. 7. 1 or above Available link to download: http://ant. apache. org/ 3. JAVA JDK version jdk. 1. 5. x or above Available link to download: http://java. sun. com/javase/downloads/index. jsp 4. Apache Tomcat version 6 or above Available link to download: http://tomcat. apache. org/download-55. cgi 5. Protege Version 3. 4 beta Build 130 Available link to download: http://protege. cim3. net/download/old-releases/3. 4%20betas/build-130/full/ 6. GWT Version 1. 4 Build 1. 4. 62 Available link to download: http://code. google. com/webtoolkit/versions. html The Step of Configuration 1. Download AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench code from the CVS Server. 2. Download the sql script from CVS Server at folder named sql. Create the database. †¢ Run the sql script file located at your_directory\SQL\administrator_agrovocwb _v_0_2_beta. sql This will install administrator_agrovocwb database. †¢ Run sql script file to install the owl model database located at your_directory\SQL\blank model _v_0_2_beta. sql Here we have provided blank owl model. †¢ You can convert owl file directly to database by using stand alone java program located at: our_directory\src\org\fao\aoscs\server\protege\convertToDatabaseProject. java †¢ You need the change the variables in the file. |18 private final static String url = jdbc:mysql://; | |19 private final static String table = ; | |20 private final static String user = ; | |21 private final static String password = ; | |22 private final static String uri = file:/c:/; | 3. To add model in the ontology list, go to database and table and insert new row with these values. Ontology id: (Auto increment) †¢ Ontology Name: Blank Model †¢ Ontology Description: AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench Blank AOS Module †¢ Database URL: jdbc:mysql://:3306/? requireSSL=falseuseUnicode=truecharacterEncoding=UTF-8 †¢ Database Driver: com. mysql. jdbc. Driver †¢ Table Name: †¢ Database Username: †¢ Database Password: †¢ Display Ontology on the list: 0 for hide and 1 for Show 4. Use java editor to †¢ Change the configuration of the hibernate file that located in your_directory\src\hibernate. cfg. xml Change the property of your connection password instead of â€Å"your_password† and change the property of your connection url instead of â€Å"your_url†. 13 your_password | |14 jdbc:mysql://your_url | †¢ Change the configuration of the database properties that located in your_directory\src\org\fao\aoscs\server\owl\ DatabaseConnection. properties Change the property of your username of database instead of â€Å"your_username† and change the property of your password of database instead of â€Å"your_password†. |4 userAdminDB = your_username | |5 passwordAdminDB = your_password | †¢ Change the configuration of the mail file that located in your_directory \src\org\fao\aoscs\utility\Mail. properties Change the property of your host name instead of â€Å"your_mailserver_host†, change the property of your port instead of â€Å"your_port†, change the property of your user instead of â€Å"your_user†, change the property of your password instead of â€Å"your_password† and change the property of your from information instead of â€Å"sender_email†. |1 host=your_mailserver_host | |2 port=your_port | |3 user=your_user | |4 password=your_password | |5 from= sender_email | †¢ Run build file to create war file using Apache ANT. 5. Copy the war file to folder of tomcat installation directory. 6. You can use the program by opening your browser and type †¢ http://localhost:8080/your_project_name

The Official Language Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Official Language Movement - Research Paper Example Analyzing the history of the United States, one can find that multilingual communities have managed to survive side by side. In its initial stage, many of them have considered Official Language Movement as a way to block bilingual education programs. But through the declaration of Official Language Act in 2001, the Bilingual Education Act was replaced (Schaefer, 2006, p. 244). Immigrants from, Mexico, Spain, Germany, Ireland and many African nations have entered the United States and became a part of its social, political and constitutional practices. Bilingualism and multilingualism preserve the requirements of various immigrant communities. In the United States, bilingual or multilingual education is generally considered as a supporting program for children with limited English proficiency. Recent studies prove that 73 percentages of Hispanic population favor school districts offering various bilingual education programs compared to 53 percent of non Hispanic population. Hispanic groups in the United States explore their cultural interest through their support in bilingualism in mainstream education (Schaefer, 2006, p. 243). Experts have revealed different opinions about the effectiveness of bilingual or multilingual education. ... Hispanic groups raised a new Hispanic American Cultural interest through their active participation in bilingual education programs. They demand the prevention of high school dropouts and Hispanic paucity in colleges (Schaefer, 2006, p. 243). The web article entitled Bilingual Education: A Goal for All Children observes; â€Å"Bilingual education is a prerequisite for establishing a school environment that welcomes all students' cultures, sends a positive message to students, and sets the groundwork for a relationship of respect and equality between schools and all families and communities† (Bilingual Education: A Goal for All Children 2011). Immigrant community in the United States demands a type of education to meet the needs of their children to shape them for the competitive job markets. Through the implementation of No Children Left Behind Act (NCLB), new programs and researches took place in the field of bilingual education. Studies prove that more than 14 million childr en who come from households not use English as their first spoken language (.The Importance of Bilingual Education, 2007). I f we fail to give proper education, many will drop-out from schools and many will grow up illiterate. Here one can feel the relevance of bilingual programs in mainstream education. Lack of experienced teachers and well designed teaching strategies contribute practical obstacles in strengthening bilingual or multilingual program. Many political parties in U.S have acknowledged the growing influence of Hispanic groups in the election process during the last 30 years. At present Federal Law demands bilingual or multilingual ballots in voting (Schaefer, 2006, p. 244). As

Economics Smoking Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics Smoking Topic - Essay Example Taxation has been the most widely used method to reduce demand of cigarettes by many government to generate taxes, but more recently, taxes are raised to minimize damage to health by smoking. (World Bank Group) The study of WB has confirmed this illustration thru a conclusion in their report that raising taxes significantly reduces consumption of tobacco. Study has shown that price increase due to taxes has an impact to the youth who are more responsive to prices than older people. Result of study shows also that the low and middle income countries are more responsive to price changes than the high income countries. (World Bank Group). As shown in annex 1, the tax increases imposed in Canada, UK and South Africa have encouraged smokers to reduce smoking consumption Non price measures used by policy makers are publicized findings of research on the health effects of smoking, warning messages on cigarette labels, counter advertising on media, school anti-smoking campaigns, cigarette promotions and advertising, no smoking on public places, restaurant and workplaces. (World Bank Group) Elasticity of commodity could either be elastic or inelastic when price changes. Response of consumers to price change is influenced first, by availability of a substitute, when consumer can take time, could wait and look for substitute. Second, when the good is a necessity and market structure is in an oligopoly. (Basic Economics). The generally accepted principle in elasticity is when the price elasticity of a good is less than 1, the good is price inelastic; and that the change in price will only have a small effect. At this point, there will be more revenue with the increase of taxes. (Farlex Dictionary) Demand for cigarette is price inelastic because according to a report done by Prabhat, J. et. al, DCPP, that from among 100 studies done in high-income countries, price elasticity is -0.25 to -0.50. This means that â€Å"a 10 percent increase in price will reduce

THE STUDY OF EXPECTATION GAP IN THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATION OF UNITED Assignment

THE STUDY OF EXPECTATION GAP IN THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATION OF UNITED KINGDOM & EMPLOYERS REQUIREMENT (ANALYSING LEEDS UNIVERSITY) - Assignment Example The review of literature indicates a framework of educating students in the accounting departments. The studies involve study of the expectation gap, the performance and the constraints gap to help students understand the analysis of the accounting platform. The survey questionnaire aims at providing supportive information to students and universities concerning the study of expectation gap in the accounting education of the United Kingdom. The survey seeks to find information concerning student and employee requirements in the University of Leeds. University Name: Please take time to fill the questionnaire. This will take approximately 30- 45 minutes to finish the questionnaire. Correct response to the questions is important, as it will assist the school and the human resources department in securing a better curriculum in the accounting sector. Thank you for taking time to assist the school in becoming a better education provider. Purpose of the Survey The survey gives insight of t he thoughts of students concerning the present accounting curriculum. It enables the management of Leeds University to handle the challenges concerning the current curriculum. The questionnaire is important hence provide valid and correct information. SECTION A (Answer the provided questions by ticking the appropriate answer) 1. What is your gender? Male Female 2. Kindly tick your year of teaching Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior 3. How old are you? Kindly check the ONE that best describes Under 14 14 -15 16 -17 18 -19 20+ 4. On average, how can you describe your students accounting grades? Kindly chose ONE response Not very good Fair Average Very good Excellent 5. At what level did you start teaching accounting? High school College University Job/ Working Uncertain 6. What aspects would you like to see change in the education sector? Teaching mode Teaching hours Number of classes available Number of lecturers available 7. For how long have you been in Leeds? Kindly pick the ONE tha t describes you Since birth More than 10 years 5-10 years Less than 5 years Analysis of the health 8. Describe your health by choosing ONE response Poor Fair Good Very good Excellent 9. Do you have any long term disabilities like leukemia Yes No 10. In response to the long-term disability, kindly choose the relevant topic I do not have such a condition Learning disability Physical disability Emotional disability Allergies (food) Allergies (respiratory) Asthma Diabetes Other (please specify ______________________________________ 11. Do we need to reconsider the condition before putting you in long hours? I do not have such a condition Yes No 12. In general how satisfied or dissatisfied do you feel about your job? Very Satisfied Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied 13. Express your feelings about the terms and conditions Very Satisfied Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied 14. Check the appropriate box that shows the level of satisfaction. Please check appropr iate box. Satisfied Dissatisfied Uncertain Salary Amount of annual leave Security of employment Flexibility of working hours Your input into decision making within the organization Opportunity for professional development 15. Does the organization support your place to work? Yes No Not sure 16. Does the university provide a friendly place to work? Yes No Not sure 17. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the general guidance and managerial direction from the university? Very Satisfied S

Reflective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Reflective - Essay Example 19). Therefore, this research offers an ideal framework of determining how social media positively or negatively affects the students’ behavior. As such, the methodology used in this research, quantitative analysis, makes it possible to answer the research questions. To increase the relevance and efficiency of the data, the current research team decided to use questionnaires as their main mode of data collection. According to Katsirikou and Skiadas, questionnaires are an advantageous data collection method since they not give the researchers an ability to gather huge amounts of data at a relatively short period, but also significantly reduces the research cost (2010, p. 293). Hence, in carrying out this study, the researchers identified an appropriate data collection method that would give them viable results. It is also worth noting that the researchers made use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to come up with an efficient analysis of the data collected. Notably important, the researchers acknowledge the fact that the use of social media among students could have various disadvantages. Although most people have a notion that the use of social media could negatively impact or hinder the learning process, social media should not be confined only to platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. The researchers point out that there are other social media platforms which have been found effective in improving the learning process as well as students’ behaviors. For instance, the use of intranet has been mentioned to be of great importance in promoting the overall behavior and supporting the learning process of the students. Equally important, the researcher states that since the core idea of conducting this study was to determine the impact of social media on the behavior of USW students, the main focus was on data collection. As such, the researchers opted to adopt a quantitative data collection method rather than a qualitative

Three steps in financial analysis and management reporting Essay

Three steps in financial analysis and management reporting - Essay Example In this idea, it is showcased how important it is to determine the facts about the organization before anything else has to be taken into account in financial analysis. This is very important because it is the organization itself that has to be the center point of financial analysis. For instance, an organization is composed of human resource. In a specific study, it is shown that the success of introducing new system into the company for the purpose of improving financial performance is determined by understanding the needs of the personnel and their capacity to adapt the new introduced system (Randolph and Ogawa, 2007). The effectiveness of an organization can be attributed to the performance of its personnel. In other words, part of the facts that should be gathered in understanding an organization is the capacity and competency of the human resource. This is evident on the task of financial analyst in which he or she must have a detailed understanding about the management and the company in particular (Hagberg, 2003). In line with this, it is important that financial analysts must be able to determine both financial and non-financial performance information of an organization as basic foundation of the analysis (Coram, Mock and Monroe, 2011). In this regard, there is a good opportunity to gather accurate information that will help determine the right approach in the entire process of financial analysis. Compare the facts in the organization over time to facts in similar organizations One of the most important benefits in trying to compare facts in the organization over time to facts in similar organizations is to understand how well it is performing and to know other financial issues in it such as the general financial strength (Cleary, 2006). In a study conducted by Cleary, the investigation of facts and comparing them among different organizations prove to be an effective way to understand financial strengths and performance of an organization. Thus, it i s evident that an organization that tries to compare its financial information from the other is a significant way to check performance and eventually will pave way to create the right evaluative process. In creating a standard in financial activities, there is an assurance of awareness and the right implementation process towards an organization’s achievement of financial strength (Iatridis, 2010). Balanced scorecard is known to be one of the best adopted strategies for performance measurement and evaluation of the company and its financial performance. In line with this, this measurement deals with understanding the facts within an organization and especially in similar organization for comparison. For instance, one of the most essential components of balanced scorecard is customer. Customer-oriented organizations are eventually trying to provide the best customer value especially in customer-oriented organizations (Flint, Blocker and Boutin, 2011). These companies in order to achieve their best performance through their customers try to compare the facts they have with them and that of the other organizations in order to substantially create customer value. It is therefore clear in this point that it makes sense to result to comparison of performance and information in order to achieve organizational objectives. Use perspective and judgment to make

Attributes and Primary Keys of the ERD Coursework

Attributes and Primary Keys of the ERD - Coursework Example SoniDream is the company, forming one of the entities. Within it, there several other entities, derived from their various attributes. I, therefore, consider how each of the following has different characteristics from the other (Moreira et al. 2013, p.455). Â  The company, with the main office headquartered in London. A company as an entity must have attributes such as physical location. In this case, its physical address in London. A company must also have the people who run it. Using this knowledge, I identified members of staff who fall into different categories and play different roles. They include studio managers, sound engineers, and van drivers. Â  Recording studios distributed over different parts of London. Studios are fixed entities and must, therefore, have their physical locations. In this case of the studios are in London and the other 8 are located in different parts of the UK. Â  Equipment used in the studio is an entity and must be comprised of different pieces. In this case, they included recorder, mixing desks, studio monitors, controllers, microphones, converters, musical instruments, and other music accessories. The different entities are joined by different relationships. Â  3. I identified the main relationship types for SonicDream using a hierarchical order. A relationship type is an association between two or more entity types. Relationship types may associate an entity type with itself. In such a case the roles of the entity types in the relationship type will be listed on the edges like shown in the ERD in part 1.

Answer 1 of 2 given questions with given sources Essay

Answer 1 of 2 given questions with given sources - Essay Example While some perceive him as a leader who abused powers and ignored the ideals of the French Revolution, others consider him as a successful leader who delivered the ideals of the French Revolution to his subjects. In this paper, I will comprehensively discuss the figure of Napoleon Bonaparte, his domestic and foreign policies, with an aim of illustrating whether he destroyed or preserved ideals of the French Revolution. Napoleon was a great strategist, a genius, a man with great self-control and very keen to protect his reputation. He had no friends and loved nobody simply because he believed that a man must be firm and have a resolute heart in order to protect the freedoms of citizens and fight the enemies of political, economic and social progress1. In the Napoleon’s diary, he evidently believed that his success and reputation depended on his ability to win wars, and this made him fight strongly for the freedom of French nationalist. â€Å"My power proceeds from my reputation, and my reputation from the victories I have won†¦conquest has made me what I’m; only conquest can maintain me."2 Being a genius and a strategist enabled him maintain an army that could hardly be overpowered. He had a team of secret police that was headed by Joseph Fouchà ©, spies in every corner of his territory to counteract unfriendly governments and watch the actions of friendly powers3. The police f orce that was supported by millions of taxpayers’ money was predominant in helping Napoleon seize freedom from his political adversaries. What’s more, in many battles, he fought alongside his militias hence giving them inspiration and the army became very loyal to him. Apparently, it makes sense to consider Napoleon as a leader who preserved the ideals of the French Revolution. Upon completion of the revolution, Napoleon had fulfilled the ideals that the

Causes Of The French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Causes Of The French Revolution Essay On July 14, 1789 a large mob stormed the Bastille, and killed the commander and some other soldiers. The fall of the Bastille marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and was a symbol to the people of France representing years of abuse by the monarchy. Also, this event served as a wake-up call to King Louis XVI. Unlike any other short protest or riot, this event actually challenge to the regime. As the French Revolution progressed, French society underwent a transformation as feudal, religious, and aristocratic privileges disappeared and the ancien rà ©gime were abruptly overthrown under the fundamental principle of Libertà ©, à ©galità ©, fraternità ©. Although there are many causes to the French Revolution, the three main ones are: the mismanagement of the economy, the pressure of taxes placed primarily onto the third estate, and the spark from Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. These events set a fire in France that could no longer be contained. It spread through France like a wildfire. The first cause to the French Revolution was the mismanagement of the economy. Louis XIV had left France deeply in debt with his extravagant spending. France’s Involvement in the Seven Years’ War and American Revolution put it deeper down the hole. Costs had generally risen during the 1700’s and the lavish court soaked up millions. The government borrowed more and more money to bridge the gap between income and expenses. Years of deficit spending, or spending more than the income, was taking its toll on the country’s treasury. By 1789, half of the country’s income from taxes went to paying the interest on this debt. Louis XVI was forced to raise taxes to pay back the debts, leading to further tension and revolt. The first cause to the French Revolution was the pressure that taxes placed onto the Third Estate, or anyone that wasn’t nobility or clergy. This included the wealthier middle class, or bourgeoisie, and the extremely poor working clas s and rural farmers. While the poor suffered from the agonizing taxes, the rich nobility and clergy didn’t suffer these taxes because of tradition which granted the nobles and clergy freedom from paying taxes. The political crisis of 1789 coincided with the worst famine in memory, and as taxes rose, tension rose. When taxing the First and Second Estates was proposed by the king’s advisor, Jacques Necker, the nobles and high clergy resisted the  attempt to end their exemption from taxes and forced the king to dismiss him. As the crisis deepened, the pressure for reform grew. The wealthy class demanded, however, that the king summon the Estates-General, the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates, before making any changes. This event later backfired on the wealthy with the creation of the National Assembly which established many reforms. The last reason to the French Revolution was the spark of Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. This spark set fire to the French Revolution and roared across the country. Many people believed in the ideas of â€Å"equality† and â€Å"freedom of the individual† as presented Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and other philosophers and social theorists of the Enlightenment. They especially favored John Locke’s idea that if a government violates the people’s natural rights, the people have the right to replace that government. These ideas of life, liberty, and equality had contributed to the creation of the American Revolution and the newly formed American government served as a live example of the proper structure of government. They helped with the creation of new reforms to make life in France better. On July 14, 1789 a large mob stormed the Bastille and began started the French Revolution. The causes of this event were the mismanagement of the economy by the king, the resulting tax pressure placed onto the poor Third Estate, and the spark of Enlightenment and American Revolution reasoning. The French Revolution had accomplished its desired goal of more equal government and it still has an impact on the world. Till this day, the French celebrate Bastille Day as their national independence day.

Human resource planning and development t2

Human resource planning and development t2 Q) It could be said that international recruitment is the most important HR function within LVMH. What argument would you use to support this view? Ans.) 1) Recruitment is the process of searching and attracting potential applicants to a company. All companies, at one time or another, engage in recruiting activity, though the extent to which it is carried out, vary. The increasing globalisation of the marketplace combined with an increasing shortage of skilled staff and advances in technology have resulted in large scale changes to recruitment practices throughout the world. Attracting staff from overseas remains a challenge for human resources, due to a low rate of labour market mobility. Deciding how best to publicise a vacancy is just one element of how to devise a successful international recruitment strategy. It is important to remember that most workers dont automatically think about looking for a job abroad. It is only when they see a vacancy that they might seriously consider relocating. It is therefore crucial to not just post a job somewhere and wait until candidates reply, but rather to tailor each vacancy according to the factors that motivate the potential applicants that are targeted. This research reveals that those motivations vary from country to country so any international recruitment strategy must be informed by these cultural differences. Cultural and language differences are the biggest barriers for international recruitment strategies (43%), followed by legislative problems (31%) and the difficulty in checking candidate qualifications and references (26%). Companies in mainland Europe prefer to recruit from neighbouring countries, whereas firms in the UK have no particular preference regarding the country of origin of their foreign employees. Almost 40% of British people would be amenable to working in another country for more than five years. However those from Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) prefer to return home within two years. 2) One of the first lessons global corporations learn is that it is far cheaper to hire competent host-country national than to send their own executives overseas, for foreign service employees typically cost two to three times the salary of comparable domestic employee, and often many more times the salary of a local national employee in the assignment country. For example, General Motors typically spends $750,000 to $100,000,0 on an executive and his or her family during a three years stint abroad. The costs of doing business are often much higher overseas than in the USA. Consider office space as an example. In USA, rent per square foot ranges from about $21 in Los Angeles to $36 in midtown Mahatteam. By contrast, rents expressed in U.S. dollar average about $49 in Paris and Frankfurt and $61 in London. In such Asian cities as Bombay, Beijing, HongKong, and Tokyo, dollar rents range from $64 to $101. Of course, these costs fluctuate with international exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. On top of the high costs of such items as office space are the costs incurred by a high failure rate among expatriatesbetween 16 and 40 percent of all Americans sent overseas. For all levels recruitment, relocation expenses, premium compensation, repatriation costs, replacement costs, and the tangible costs of poor job performance. When an overseas assignment does not work out, it still cost a company, on average, twice the employees base salary. Although the costs of expatriates are considerable, there are compensating benefits to MNCs. In particular, overseas postings allow managers to develop international experience outside their home countriesthe kind of experience needed to compete successfully in the global economy that we now live in. When you are sending someone abroad to work on an possible about how to do business in the country. The cost of training is inconsequential compared to the risk of sending inexperience or untrained people. Business leaders of the present-let alone the future-need to possess international business skills par excellence in order to survive the chaotic world of international business. It also goes without saying that human resource managers will face new, unforeseen obstacles. Understanding the links between people, productivity and quality is the key to understanding why some firms succeed and other dont-in exactly the same economic and social environment. It is far too easy and wrong to categorize human resource practices as being the soft science—part of the hard science of making organizations competitive. In fact, this is far from the truth. The best organizations are very focussed and hard-nosed about their human resource policies because they clearly understand HR policies and their link to productivity and quality. Human resource strategies are designed to motivate people to immerse themselves in the activity of the company, to ensure that people are valued, respected and rewarded so that they continually contribute to the success of the company and enhance their own well being. Understanding the difficulties of finding qualified executives for international companies (ICs) and the importance of foreign language knowledge. Knowledge of a peoples language is essential to understanding his or her culture and to know whats going on as every effective manager must. Compare home country, host country, and third country nationals as international companies executives. Source of IC executives may be home country, host countries, or third countries, and their differing culture, language, ability, and experience can strengthen IC management. Remember some of the complications of compensation packages for expatriate executives. Expatriate manager compensation packages can be extremely complicated. Among other sources of complication are fluctuating currency exchange rates and differing inflation rates. Basic elements of those packages are salaries, allowances, and bonuses.

The Great Wall Motors Business Essay

The Great Wall Motors Business Essay This narrative focus on the competitive position of great wall motors which is one of the top privately owned enterprise in China was specified on both A share market in china mainland and H share market on Honkong. The Great wall motors established in 1976 and it is named after the Great Wall of China (wiki).The company started with manufacturing of Great wall light vans and great wall deer pickups. The great wall deer pickups create a breakthrough in the production line of the company. By the end of 1998 great wall pickups ranked No. 1 in domestic pickup market. Nowadays Great wall motors reach the top level by producing 3 main categories of Haval SUV, Great Wall PC and Wingle Pickup with more than 30 supplementary branches with 45000 employees. Today Haval SUV sustained the top rank in sales and export volume in China for 9 years and Wingle Pickup ranked first in units of market share, export volume and sales in China. It has achieved a fairly good brand name by producing a monthl y sales of above 10,000 units illustrates its excellent capacity when compared to Joint-Venture brands. Great wall motors brand philosophy stick on specialization, dedication and focus. This philosophy helps to illustrate its strategic vision and specialising spirit from dedicated focus philosophy to effective operational management and conclusively to worldwide leading brand. Moreover its brand strategy focuses on creating a category of leading brands. The brand development strategy of Great wall motors helps them to be keeping pace with the world tide. (1 para about the content description) External Environment The Environment is a framework that provides means of survival for the organisation. It can bring threat as well as opportunities to the organisation(Johnson, et al., 2010). This part analyses the external environment of great wall motors using Pestle analysis. Pestle analysis Organisational environment includes all the elements outside the boundary of organisation that can create potential impact to the organisation positively and negatively(Samson Daft, 2012). Pestle analysis is a tool used for analysing the macro-environment in which the organisation operates. It is a tool that exclusively scans the political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that influences the organisation and it can also be used to evaluate the market growth and decline. Pestle lists of 6 external environmental factors are explain later in appendix 1. However, This part examins in detail about the 6 pestle factors that affects the great walls environment . (Downey, J. (2007). Strategic analysis tools. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) a.Technological Technological factors covers different methods adopted by organisation to deliver better efficient and quality products with in minimum time slots(Njanja, Martin, Rene, 2012). It includes the way company establish its work methods and patterns, knowledge, materials, tools and methods followed for achieving expected outcome and finally how the information structures used. In this modern world of technology, It act as one of the answer for many problems that restrict the growth of business(Njanja, et al., 2012).For Chinese automobile companies its not adequate to clutch production capacity so they need to implement more innovative techniques. So Great wall motors significantly encourages technical advancements and innovations and assert on independent R D within the organisation (CHINA: Great Wall Motors first science-and-technology festival inaugurated, 2011).During last 5 years, Great wall motors has invested more than 3 billion RMB for the development and software for R D. So that it has been accredited as High-Tech Corporation, Postdoctoral Science research Institute, National Recognized corporation Technique centre, National innovative corporation, Provincial automobile engineering technique centre. Great wall motors would utilise the exclusive pool of development and innovations for Chinas automobile brands. As a result of these great-leap-forward developments Great wall motors succeeded to achieve international quality standards in performance of vehicles for their existing and future models like Germany vehicles standard in controlling stability and bodywork rigidity, NCAP five stars standards in safety, Japanese vehicle standard in NVH, reassuring wear, exquisite project and North American, European and other high-end target market requirements in emission(CHINA: Great Wall Motors first science-and-technology festival inaugurated, 2011).Great wall motors planning to invest a 5 more billions to R D development in the coming years so as to build first cl ass well maintained international RD with better experiment facilities, to set up a well qualified and efficient international RD, to beat world level first class technical innovations, to satisfy technical demands or aspirations of customers so as to rocket their additional value and improve their competitive ability of products . b.Social: In china, customers are not much interested in hybrid and electric technology, so there are not many firms producing hybrid cars and electric cars. It offers better opportunity for great wall motors in this field as they have only limited competitors. For a short run, they can have a great market share in this field. But in a long run, more competitions will occur, when more and more firms came to use this technology. Today customers are looking for better performing and mileage cars. Hybrid cars of great wall motors have better mileage and performance when compare with other hybrid cars. But it is not up to the level of petrol cars performance, so still customers prefer to use petrol cars because of their standard performance. So it is very much mandatory to improve their technology in hybrid cars to make its performance better than petrol cars. c.Economic As a result of severe price hike of oil the demand for hybrid and electric cars are continually rising. Great wall motors is one of the leading automobile company in china conducting its research and development in hybrid as well as electric cars. Because of price hike in oil the demand for petrol cars are falling down. On one hand, they can impose or introduce their hybrid and electric car technologies as the demand for this are increasing. But on the other hand, as there are hybrid or electric cars, customers were less interested in buying their petrol cars. As they have hybrid and electric cars, their revenue will not break down even if there is fall in demand of petrol cars. In a long run, they can improve their sales and productions by concentrating more on hybrid and electric cars. Chinese automobile market shows a severe growth of 1/3 recently. This means still there exist more opportunities for great wall motors to grow and expand their activities. They can expand their sales and revenue more if the market is bigger. d. political: role of government Chinese government is going to invest billions of dollars in hybrid technology. Great wall motors is one of the automobile company well known for its research and development in hybrid technology. If they successfully proved that their technology is worth for investment, they can get billions of dollars for their research development in this technology. Now Chinese government is planning to buy a large number of hybrid cars for use in china within 2 years. As great wall motors are already producing hybrid cars, the plan of Chinese government may put them forth to increase their production to fulfil the wishes of their government. Recently, the official vehicle options adopted by ministry of industry and information technology were announced. Including Haval H6 and H5, 25 vehicles of GWM were listed. As a result Haval become most prominent brand in the inventory.SUV because of its versatility it becomes a model with fast growth among customers and market. Due to this new policy of official vehicles, it become popular not only among common customers but broadly requested by officers also. Now a days Haval SUV becomes one of the top brands in the Chinese office cars market for bulk purchase by government departments of fire fighting, roads and expressway governance. However in china, there are some restriction on car ownership in some part of cities, as part of reducing traffic congestion and accidents. To some extent, the legal restrictions and tax increase affects the sales and revenue of great wall motors. (http://sites.cdnis.edu.hk/students/100106/2011/03/31/pest-analysis/) e.environmental(green): green issues,pollution,waste Environmental factors have greater role in automobile industry as they cause severe hazards to living creatures by air pollution. To eliminate these harmful hazards and achieving fuel efficiency in their vehicles, Great wall motors introduced technological innovations in diesel engines like turbo charging and emissions technologies. So that they succeeded to achieve narrow emission with attractive fuel economy and better power output(Anonymous, 2011). They are also trying to implement green diesel technology in their vehicles. With this technology in vehicles, great wall motors are demanding an eco-friendly environment with energy saving performance. By this technology, the chairman of the company believes that, they created a breakthrough in high-efficiency vehicles with energy saving power(CHINA: Bosch cooperates with Great Wall Motors for green diesel technology exhibition, 2012). f. legal: health safety regulations Great wall motors give more importance for health safety of their customers. For that they introduced advanced all wheel driving technology in their vehicles(Anonymous, 2011). 2.Porters five force analysis Porters five force theory was developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979 for evaluating and identifying the current strengths and market positions of different business firms.The Pictorial representation of porters five force is shown in appendix 2 and the porters five forces analysis of great wall motors is explained as follows: (Downey, J. (2007). Strategic analysis tools. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) a.threat of new entrants This is one of the severe threats faced by great wall motors. There are several reasons for this threat. As china is one of the growing economies, the market demand for cars is continually increasing. As a result of this, many new automobile companies are trying to walk carefully to the early stage of automobile life cycle. Then only they can withstand in this industry in future developed stages. Moreover the faint intellectual property laws enable new companies to copying the design as well as other properties of others. So that they can develop new innovations in efficient and effective manner than researching and development procedures. b. Bargaining power of buyers or customers This power is also moderately high for great wall motors as there are so many automobile manufacturers both in china and international markets other than great wall motors. So that its too difficult to withstand in this market without implementing any striking innovations. c. Threat of substitutes In China, Mass- transit could affect the car sales badly. But today in this growing economy there exist a vogue in china that, people considered car as their status symbol. So if any one comes to be financially stable then he ends up with buying a car rather than depending on cheapest modes like mass- transit or bicycles. So the impact of substitutes doesnt effects great wall largely. (http://porters-5-forces.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/porters-five-forces-analysis-china.html) 3. Strategic capabilities a) Three high strategies To enhance the products quality, Great wall motors made three highs strategies namely high performance, high technology and high quality. So that they are encouraged to use high tech innovations and better performing designs to their products for getting excellent and effective quality products. While competing with other international leading brands, the three high strategies made them fit to keep a highly accelerated momentum in their sales. In the aspect of 3 high strategies they recently signed the strategic cooperation agreement with many international companies like TRW, Valeo, Bosch, BorgWarner, Ricado, Mahle, Autoliv, and Brose in product manufacturing. The relationship of great wall motors with these international giants compelled them to upgrade their product quality by conducting thorough research and development of technologies. b) Established branding based on category Great wall motors is the chinas 1st automobile company that established their brands with the category. According to their view point, real brand would be the representative of distinguishing model in customers mind. As a result of this category branding, they are enjoying solid advantages including: For many years, their Haval SUV and wingle Pickup have been recorded as No: 1 in sales market. In the coming years also GWM decided to focus on 3 main categories PC, SUV and Pickup and they wants to become top most in the market with each of 3 brands in paramount positions with Haval- as chinas best selling SUV brand, great wall PC as chinas leading PC brand and wingle -as chinas best pick up brand. With this 3 leading brand positions, the brand name of Great wall motors strongly supported. (http://www.topgreatwall.com/great/page.php?lang=enpage_name=about) c)capabilities:- GWM continue to maintain a steady sustainable growth in the auto market, because of its steady operation and focusing strategy. They also followed a routine of valuing RD within the company so that they succeed in keeping up the quality of their products by updating technologies (News). Recent data published by NPCA (National passengers cars association) shows that that GWM holds a prominent position in top 10 sales list during the first half of year 2012.When NPCA narrowed the list, GWM is the only independent brand which hold such a fabulous position. Recently, the seminar conducted by GWMs technology centre announced that comprehensive proving ground will be finished by end of 2013. GWM is really proud to have first absolute proving ground among Chinese independent automobile companies. From their beginning onwards GWM gives more priority for product quality. They constantly assured their product quality by product quality maintaining systems. As they give more value for product development and quality test, proving ground was one the major project of GWMs research development centre. The effort of GWM on development of proving ground illustrates the strategic thinking of management and professional operation of GWM. d)STRENGTH In 2011, Chinese automobile market faced a recession because of different factors. When compare with the sales record of 2010, it shows a 30 % fall in overall sales volume. Moreover Chinese independent brands are more brittle and their share got skid sharply. Even in such a dim market, GWM maintained an excellent growth within their industry. According to the chairman of GWM, a strong brand might be a leader in their locality and may act as representative of its product kind in customers mind.GWM is the first automobile industry which introduced brands in their products types. To a large extent, branding their products helps GWM to improve their overall performance and to remain competitive in global market. Recently GWMs president shared their secret behind success that focusing on high-quality products rather than making low quality and low priced products. Moreover in this year, they are planning to focus on the improvement of sales outlet and terminal services. So they will conce ntrate on solving customers problems. (Official website) 4. Internal environment The value chain system is accomplished to recognise the line of activities committed by the organisation for creating a product or service. The primary activities are the activities that the firm engages for creation and delivery of a product within the organization through various logistics and external activities include production and sales. The supporting activities are activities that the organisation employs for polishing the efficiency and effectiveness of primary activities. This analysis helps managers to understand the operational level at which the product undergoes for developing value and this understanding is more superior in the success of all the firms (Porter, 2012). This paper centred on various primary and secondary activities undertaken by great wall motors. Value chain activities Inbound logistics involves activities that concerned with receiving, storing, and distribution of inputs needed for manufacturing products. Great wall motors maintained to receiving goods from suppliers all around the world in order to maximise their availability of goods. Great wall motors follows a just in time approach for handling their goods. Just in time is an approach of reducing in-process inventory and associated  costs for improving the investment return on business. Operation stage is the most difficult phase as it involves the activity of converting the raw materials received into a final product. Great wall motors are famous for their reliability because of their efficient operations. Here in this phase great wall assembles all the materials needed for Individual operations including systematization of parts for a car and final tuning of car engine. In Outbound stage, great wall distribute their finally polished vehicles to wholesalers, retailers, or to consumers. Grea t wall managed to maintain their showrooms in different countries for making their products easily accessible to customers. The marketing strategy that great wall adopted was their primary lead for securing a dominant position in the automobile industry. They maintained a customer oriented pattern in their business operations and also they managed to meet their customers demand. Great wall focused more on marketing communication and promotion mix in this area. Great wall had given more priority for their customers. So in the area of services they focussed more on final checking, complaint handling, after-sales services and so on. (Official website) SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong distribution network in china Succeeded in identifying local market demand Lower operating budget depend on economy scale, low cost of land and labor, cheap plant cost, and own production of spare parts for its vehicles Better payment collection procedure encourages it with little debt. Weaknesses It is very much weak in its research developments settings. It depends on talented professionals from other designer companies to develop designs for their models. According to their record, their RD expense accounts only a small percentage of its total sales. Opportunities Expansion of SUV sales leads to an outstanding growth for global vehicle market. China witnessed steady sales in SUV market during 2008-2011.Greatwalls low production cost floor and its paramount position in SUV market enable them to achieve a robust growth in global auto market. Its cost structure encourages the demand of great walls vehicles in global market. Chinas VAT rebate policy allows great wall to enjoy the higher margin in exporting their products to overseas market. Threats Conclusion

Black Boy :: essays research papers

Childhood is a time of sunny days. Sweet breezes blow friendly cloud shapes across the deep blue sky. The days are never-ending-joy—a black canvas to paint with beautiful memories - - unless your childhood was Richard Wright’s. His youth was a cold bleak existence, carved with hatred and overlaid with hunger. There seemed to be little hope for one born to such a lot. For it was not to the caring bosom of his family that Richard could turn. And the hard, unfeeling eyes of the world were turned away from him. It was a great feat that could struggle through life’s battles with his conscience unscathed. It was his experience that provided the color which enhanced the sketch of his personality he was given at birth. Richard’s family despaired of him. They believed him to only be on the wide path go hell as was evidence by the family confrontations Richard constantly found himself in. There was the time Aunt Addie punished an innocent Richard in school, and the fight raged on even once they were home. After pulling a knife on her and being thrown to the floor, eternal hate was born between the two relatives. He believed him to be devilish and would have nothing to do with him while Richard regarded her with untarnished enmity. He also fought with Uncle Tom. Richard pulled razor blades on Uncle because he was gong to be beaten for an unknown reason. This event constructed an impenetrable wall between the two that was never to come down. It was here Richard learned not to trust. For who would offer kindness towards him if family members did not. And finally, Richard fought with Granny over working on the Sabbath . She did not understand what he needed, reasoned Richard. That boy is a hopeles s case, felt Granny. They completely misunderstood one another, and each one’s pride was too great to do anything about the damaged relationship. So between Aunt Addie, Uncle Tom, and Granny, Richard existed in a place of hard and in indifferent stares which would cause him to search for brighter colors elsewhere. He first turned to the streets. He found no solace there but rather a malice between races that surpassed the hostility at home. He saw this when he was he was bitten by the brickyard owner’s dog. The man cared nothing for Richard and didn’t care if he lived or died because all blacks were trash in the white man’s eyes.

Richard Wagner :: essays research papers fc

Richard Wagner TIME LINE: Wagner’s Life 1813: Wilhelm Richard Wagner is born on May 22. Wagner’s father dies on November 23. ;1814: Wagner’s mother remarries  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1815: Wagner’s mother has a daughter Cacilie  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1821: Wagner’s step-father dies  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1829: Wagner composes his first music: two piano sonatas and a string quartet  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1830: Writes a piano arrangement for Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1832: Begins work on first opera, Die Hochzeit  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1833: Begins work on Die Feen  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1836: Marries Minna Planer  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1839: Flees to London to avoid creditors, then to Paris  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1847: Takes an interest in Greek plays  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1857: Begins work on Tristan & Isolde  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1858: Minna finds love letter Richard wrote to Mathilde  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1859: Moves to Paris with Minna and completes Tristan & Isolde  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1862: Richard and Minna separate and Wagner moves to Vienna  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1864: Wagner begins affair with Cosima Von Bulow  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1865: A daughter Isolde is born to Richard and Cosima and he moves to Switzerland  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1867: A second daughter, Eva, is born to Richard and Cosima  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1869: A son, Siegfried, is born to Richard and Cosima  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1870: Richard and Cosima finally get married  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1878: Begins writing a series of reactionary essays  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1883: Richard Wagner dies of a heart attack in Venice on February 13. The funeral   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  was held at Bayreuth on February 18. WAGNER’S WORKS OPERA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPLETED Die Feen  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Jan 1834 Das Liebesverbot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dec 1835 Rienzi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 Nov 1840 Der fliegende Hollà ¤nder  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30 Oct 1841 Tannhà ¤user  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Apr 1845 Lohengrin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28 Apr 1848 Das Rheingold  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26 Sep 1854 Die Walkà ¼re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23 Mar 1856 Siegfried  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Feb 1871 Gà ¶tterdà ¤mmerung  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21 Nov 1874 Tristan und Isolde  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Aug 1859 Die Meistersinger  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24 Oct 1867 Parsifal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Jan 1882 RICHARD WAGNER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard Wagner was one of the most influential and controversial classical composers of all time. Most of his works were operas and they addressed many aspects of his personal feelings: society, politics, religions, etc. Though many hated (and still hate) him and his work, most revere him to be a multitalented genius that brought 19th Century music to higher levels. Wagner’s Life Wilhelm Richard Wagner was born on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig. At six months old, Wagner lost his father Frau Karl Friedrich to typhoid, which he caught from the corpses lying unburied in the streets after the Napoleonic War in Leipzig. Less than a year later, Wagner’s mother married Ludwig Geyer, who Wagner believes is his real father, even though nothing was ever proved. Geyer, like Wagner had an artistic gift. He was an actor a painter, dramatist, and singer. As a child, Geyer was determined â€Å"to make something† of Wagner (Jacobs 3). He failed at drawing and painting. Wagner did not realize he had a talent until Geyer was on his deathbed with collapsed lungs.

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: play, marxism,

Throughout the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman, the influence of Marxism is commonly displayed. The Hubbard’s are portrayed as constantly going against the social conforms that would be set in a Marxist society. They each pursue wealth or a social status. For what they covet, they go above and beyond to obtain. In the process they hurt other people. They each sacrifice their integrity to gain this wealth and status. Hellman’s title highlights the opposition of Marxism that is portrayed in the play. The title of the play comes from the bible. In that portion referred to it states that the foxes, which are represented by the Hubbard’s, will destroy the glory of the new south because their greed for power is so great. (Watson 173). The Hubbard’s all destroy each other for money. They want to build a cotton factory where costs are cheep and they make a lot of profit. However, to achieve this they have to step on many people toes and exploit workers (Hellman 159). Regina’s determination to gain wealth was unwavering. She let her husband die because he was not going to report her brothers for stealing his bonds. Regina then turns on her brothers and demands a greater percentage of the money since she can destroy them because they stole Horace’s bonds. To Regina, money means freedom to escape and go to the south where social standing is measured by the cloths and jewelry you have. This is against Marxist society because Marxists believe that everyone should be equal in money and standing (Hamilton 172). Regina wants to go to Chicago and Paris but in the process she lets her husband die and looses the love of Alexandra (Galens 165). She now has the option to have the bright, flamboyant social life she wanted but she can only have it alone now. Ben Hubbard has cheated and manipulated to gain his wealth. In the play Regina states that Ben has cheated so many men to get where he is now that his reputation is ruined around the area. Ben has no need for money; he ultimately wants to remain childless and wifeless. Thus, his desire for money is solely for a capitalist purpose. He is only interested in build his empire (Hamilton 172). To build his empire he needs to land a deal with Marshall. To do so he tries to make a big point of how much better his father rules Birdy’s family’s plantation and the differences between old southern aristocracy and new one.

Charisma: Psychology and Enormous Overwhelming Presence Essay

Whenever we want to define any word we usually look at the meaning in the dictionary. In Greek, charisma is any special grace conferred by God on an individual. Charisma refers to the enormous overwhelming presence that some people have. It is the ability to influence others by being connected with them physically, emotionally, and culturally. Although it is difficult to have a specific definition of charisma, but we could describe some people as a charismatic person who have an extraordinary ability to inspire, influence, and draw other’s attention. Charisma is usually associated with leaders who have a power and high positions, but it could be a characteristic of actors, public speakers, mathematicians, scientists, singers, or any other people. Charisma indicate a positive meaning; however, it could has it own dark side. Some leaders how have charisma causes huge damage to the world in the human history such as Hitler. Hitler was able to get a wide popularity by his support to the nationalism and anti-communism ideas. Later, he established the Nazism organization which believes in racism against other races and the altitude of certain races to others. The real number of his victims is unknown but it said that it reached more than 10 million victim. Some philosophers believe that charisma is innate characteristic while psychologists believe that it could be learned by increasing the individual’s awareness of his emotions and linking it to other people’s feeling, emotions, and needs. So, how can we have a magnesium personality? There are some some tips you could do to be a charismatic person, some of it are: having self-esteem, matching the body language to your speech, thinking before speaking and arranging your ideas, accepting criticism, and being unique in finding practical ideas to develop your character and your surroundings.

”Ernie Breaks” by Genevieve Scott Essay

The short story †Ernie Breaks† by Genevieve Scott is about ten year old Cara, who lives with her mother and her older brother, Jed. The main themes in the short story are responsibility and expectations. It can be elaborated to what you have to do, so you can live up to challenges you are approaching, and to succeed something that you are contemplate responsible for. Sometimes you cannot determine the expectations people have for you, or the responsibility is just too big for your shoulders. Another perspective is other people can also set question marks about the expectations they have for you, or sometimes your effort is just not enough to fulfill other people’s expectations. Shortly to sum up the themes, the story reflects a regular problem concerning too high expectations and responsibility for young people. At the end of every school semester their mother always buys them a passing present. The two siblings want a puppy, but their mother says it requires too much time. Instead, they got a turtle to share. The turtle is named Ernie. The theme and the central ideas are mostly told through the narrator, Cara. She is a young and precarious girl who lives with her mother and brother. She is not very intelligent, for example line 85-87 â€Å"I don’t understand why we have to learn about broken numbers. If something is broken, it’s wrecked and useless anyway. If it’s not your fault that it’s broken, you usually don’t need to care about it† This quote can be referred to the whole story, especially the last sentence when she kills the turtle. The expectations and responsibility for Cara is visible, because she is meant to take care of Ernie, but accidentally kills him by dropping him on the floor. Even though she kills him, Cara did not say a word to her mother, therefore the mother believes she has accomplished her responsibility for Ernie. It is easier for Cara to not tell the truth then admitting she failed her mother’s expectations. In addition to the quote’s last sentence, she says herself that if it’s not your fault that it’s broken, you usually don’t need to care  about it. In this case, it is her fault that â€Å"it’s† broken, consequently she should take care of it. She contradicts her self by not telling the truth. Cara’s relationship to her brother is like every other sibling relationship. They are not nice to each other, but at the end of the day, they have each other’s back. Jed is the one who get to keep Ernie in his room, but they shared playing with him fifty-fifty. Since they both are allowed to play with him, the responsibility is also equally shared. In the text Jed acts tough in front of his friend, Toby by ignoring his little sister. For instance in the text line 116-120 â€Å"I look at Ernie’s tiny, twitching legs and I feel like I’m going to be sick. â€Å"Don’t do it, Jed!† I say, â€Å"You’ll hurt him† Jed looks up at me, hair hanging over his eyes. â€Å"Private property† He says. â€Å"You’re being mean,† I say. â€Å"Don’t be so gay† Toby says. â€Å"Turtles don’t feel anything. They have shells† This quote shows that she wants to get his attention, and feels sad because he does not listen to her. A typical older brother, who tries to be cool and act tough in front of his friends. Jed also fails the expectations his mother have for him because he played with Ernie’s little life in a short string. The symbols in the text are clearly more or less. Firstly, the turtle symbolizes responsibility the two siblings need to take care of. The mother trusts them by giving them a pet, so they can share about the responsibility, but unfortunately ruins it. They do not tell her anything that has been going on while the mother is away. This shows the lack of responsibility of Cara and Jed. Another symbol can be Quit4Life, an organization that helps people stop smoking. Their mother is attending to their â€Å"get together†, but secretly she still smokes. That means she is lying to Quit4Life and the same is her children, when Ernie dies. That cannot be a coincidence. It is all about social heritage. The way their mother is in the society will eventually reflect on her children. She is their everyday role model. They look up to her, and since she is lying to other people, why shouldn’t the children lie.

FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE INTENSIVE BAHASA INGGERIS STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TOWARDS LEARNING ENGLISH AT ALPHA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SEREMBAN 2 Essay

In the era of information and technology, there is a great need for individuals to learn and master the English language. Nowadays the English language is important to get a job easily. English is also used for different purposes such as news and information, business, diplomacy, entertainment and others, supported by Kitao as cited in (Kasuma, 2002). According to Travil as cited in (Kasuma, 2002) knowing the language can help us to express our opinions, hopes, and even our dreams. In Malaysia every school uses English as the language for teaching subjects such as Mathematics and Science, and a lot of people learn English at school, where English language is used as a common subject. Learning the language is important and people learn to read and write in English to make sure they can communicate with other people. However, there are still some people who may not read and speak in the English language fluently. In the primary and secondary schools English is taught as a second langua ge. By studying English, students can prepare themselves to improve their thinking and communication skills. Based on Rosli Talif as cited in (Kasuma, 2002), English could 2 contribute to knowledge, understanding and skills of students, who need to be equipped with such skills in order to be prepared for more complex problems in the future. As we all know English is important but there are still people who don’t want to take the opportunity to learn the English language because of their lack of motivation. Motivation is suggested to be an important factor to start learning English. Motivation is defined as the extent that one strives to acquire the language because of the desire to do so and satisfaction derived from it supported by Gardner as cited in (Wimolmas, 2001). For students to achieve their success they need to have a strong motivation for themselves. Motivation can influence the students learning results. Motivation is the biggest single factor affecting a language learner’s success. According to Tuan L as cited in (Jafari, 2013) one of the factors influencing the success of the learners in learning English is the person’s motivation. Students who have low motivation will  not attend the class, or enter the class late, that is why motivation is needed to make the students more likely to enter the class and want to learn English or other subjects. Motivation is one of the factors or keys to success in anything. When they lack motivation the students also get poorer results. Every student has his own goal and target. Some of the students have the motivation to learn and some students learn by working harder in understanding the subject. They will have different results, as some students may have good results and some student may not even though they have worked harder, because the student that have a higher motivation will get the credits and have better results. 3 1.1. Background of Study This research is done in Alpha College of Technology (ACT) which is one of the Private Colleges in Malaysia. The population of this college is about 1143 students. The topic that has been choose by the researcher is the factors that influence Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2. In this research the respondents that have been chosen is students from Alpha College of Technology, who are from Semester 1 to Semester 6. In this research students can be motivated by many factors, and the researcher will focus on four independent variables to examine the factors that influence students’ motivation in learning English. Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) is a programme that takes two month for the students to complete. Students who enter this program will gain a lot of knowledge. The objective in this IBI programme is after two months the students, they should be able speak English using correct grammar and they should be able have a confidence when speaking and communicating with others. In this IBI programme, the students will learn everything in English also speak in English with the lecturers. It is because Alpha College of Technology has decided to take lecturers from the other countries so that they can’t speak our language which is Bahasa Malaysia. With this method, the students will not have an option to communicate in Bahasa Malaysia. They need to speak English to communicate with the lecturers. So the students will be able to have a confidence in themselves to speak with others. The college also has provided good facilities to learn the language in two month. The students will have a comfortable classroom. Other than that the students will also do some activities in the class such as presentations, public speaking, acting, and many more. All of these activities will be in the English language. Some of the students will do the activities individually and in groups so this will make the students have more confidence in communicating with others using the English language. Other than that, the IBI programme also uses technology in the lessons, such as using a projector which teaching in class. This will make the students understand the lectures. The lecturers may use the projector in teaching grammar using presentations. The college also provides good audio systems in every classroom to make sure the students can hear the lecturers during lecture. The audio system also will be used in the listening activities. With all these facilities, the collage hopes to mak e the students have high motivation in learning English in the two months. Although after the two months, if the student still can’t have good grammar skills, at least they have confidence in communication and can speak with everyone. 1.2. Problem Statement English is important nowadays, because it is used in all our daily activities. English is the fourth most widely spoken language in the world. It is the most spoken official language in the world. In Malaysia English is known as a second language which is used every day and it is an international language. English language can help create many opportunities in international markets because English is used as an international language and it will be easy to communicate with others from different countries. Many of the world’s top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English you will have access to great entertainment and have a greater cultural understanding. Other than that, most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So, by knowing English will allow you to access and get more information easily. There are several factors that motivate IBI students in learning English. Learning will not happen without good motivat ion, some students may have a good motivation but when it comes to learning English they will lose their motivation because they have a negative view to learning English. So, in  this research the researcher will view the factors that influence IBI students to learn English. There are four factors that influence IBI students’ motivation in learning English which are the activities, facilities, the lectures ability and the technology. Specifically, the research explored that with suitable activities, it will help students’ motivation in learning English. Learning English will not be effective if the students only learn theory without activities, because students will have better understanding of the language and have the courage to speak in front of others. As we notice, most of students who learn English do not fully understand and can’t speak and communicate well with others. This is because they do not have the motivation to do so. In Malaysia, some of the institutes don’t have effective activities for the students to give them motivation to learn English. The colleges must know what activities can be used to make the students want to learn more English. They can give activities such as public speaking, poem recitations, and spelling contests. With correct activities, the students will have good motivation to learn English, because they will not face any stress in learning English. Next the researcher also examined the facilities of the college to see if they are suitable for the students to learn English. The college must provide good facilities to make their students learn English. A college which does not have good facilities will not inf luence student’s motivation in learning English. The facilities will include whether the college provides a good class, which has air-conditioning or not, enough tables and chairs for study, and has a whiteboard or not. Good facilities are most important to make the students have motivation in learning English. Some of students don’t want to enter the class because they are not satisfied with the facilities that are provided by the college. In this case the students will not come to class and will study at the hostel. This show that the students have poor motivation because they don’t have the desire to learn and may be they will stop leaning in the college. The lecturers’ ability is also important in determining the students’ motivation in learning the English language. The lecturers need to have a willingness to teach the students and if the lecturers don’t have the willingness to give lectures to the students 7 than the students will not have the motivation to learning English. Lecturers play an important role in developing student’s minds and motivation in learning the English language. Some colleges may have all foreign lecturers to give a lesson to the students so that the students will have to speak in English to communicate well with the lecturers because the lecturers only understand English. With a good lecturer’s ability, the students will be able to learning English with a higher motivation. Also some students may not be liked by the lecturers. This is normally because they are biased, and some students may refuse to enter a class because they do not like the lecturers, either personally or professionally. Other than that, technology also may be a factor that influences students to study the English language. The college needs to update their technology for the betterment of the students. Technology that may be used by the college like projectors, for lectures can make students understand more clearly. Also with the use of technology, the lecturers can give a lecture to the students faster. For some students they can learn faster when using a technology because they enjoy themselves during the lectures and get the main point in the lecture easily. The lecturers also do not need to worry about insufficient time to give lectures to the students. 8 1.3. Research Question This research focuses on factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. The research questions are: 1.3.1. Are activities a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.2. Are facilities a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.3. Is the lecturers’ ability a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.4. Is technology a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.4. Research Objective The specific objective for this research is the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. The research objectives are: 1.4.1. To identify whether activities are a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.4.2. To identify whether facilities are a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.4.3. To identify whether the lecturers’ ability is a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation toward learning English. 1.4.4. To identify whether technology is a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 9 1.5. Significance of Study The significance of this study is to find the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. It is believed that those students that have motivation in themselves will want to continue learning English and take the IBI programme. 1.5.1. Researcher This research, can be used by other researchers as their references. The researcher will also get more knowledge and get more information about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. Other researchers may use the information that is obtained in this study and apply it in other areas by using different or more samples. With this research also the researcher may increase his self-confidence and communication skills when dealing with other people in the future. 1.5.2. Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students Through this research, the student will get the knowledge about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English in more detail. In addition, with this research, the researcher can also help the students to identify the factors that influence them to learn English. 10 1.5.3. Readers This research is important and very beneficial to the reader because it can be used as information in understanding the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.5.4. Future researcher This research will be able to help others in their future research. It is important because future researchers can use this research as a guide for a new area of research with similar topics. The researcher also will be able to use this research as a reference to gain more knowledge about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. 1.6. Scope of the Study Student motivation for learning something is the factor for the students to continue studying. For the purpose of this research, the study will focus on factors that influence Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students’ towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology. 11 1.6.1. Subject This research focuses on factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology. In this research, the researcher will know what are the factors that will influence the students’ motivation. For this research it focuses on four motivation factors that have been identified. They are activities, facilities, lecturers’ ability, and technology. 1.6.2. Respondents The respondents in this study were selected from students who have taken an IBI programme at Alpha Collage of Technology, Seremban 2. As many as 100 respondents were selected to answer the questionnaire that was already prepared. The questionnaire is based on the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English based on the independent variables. 1.6.3. Location The location of the study that was chosen by the researcher is at Alpha College of Technology, Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. This place was selected because it is close to the researcher’s residence, and it is faster for the researcher to distribute and collect the questionnaire from the students. The researcher also selected this place because it is easy to get permission from the authorities to do the research. It is also suitable for 12 the researcher to get the respondents because it is easy to find respondents as they are in the IBI programme at Alpha College of Technology. 1.7. Limitation of the Study 1.7.1. The respondent This research focuses on 100 respondents who had entered the Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) programme, which is a two month programme. The researcher had difficulties when distributing the questionnaire because the researcher needed to give the questionnaire to persons who have entered the IBI programme only. The researcher will get late feedback from the respondents because the researcher may need to explain the questions to them. Also some respondents did not answer the entire questionnaire and gave false information while filling in the questionnaire. Other than that there were a few respondents who did not give their cooperation to the researcher. 1.7.2. The location This study was done at Alpha College of Technology which has an Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) programme. This study was only conducted in a specific area which is at Alpha Collage of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. 1.7.3. Limitation of data The researcher found that the data needed was available only in Alpha College of Technology. Therefore the data may not be very accurate because it is only from the students of Alpha College of Technology. 1.8. Chapter Summary As a summary, this chapter explains the overview and background of the study. In addition, this chapter also explains about the problem statement of this research which explain about the problem that make the researcher make this research. Next the researcher will create a research question and research objective which will be used as an independent variable in this research. The dependent variable of this research is motivation and Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI). After that the researcher will need to explain about the significance of the study which contain researcher, IBI students, and for the future researcher. Beside that the researcher will explain about the scope of the study which is subject, respondents, and location. Lastly the researcher will explain about the limitation that the researcher have during completed this research.

Calculate the Total Asset Turnover

Question 4: Calculate the total asset turnover, the P, P, & E Turnover, and the intangible asset turnover for each of the past two years. Are these turnover ratios increasing or decreasing? What might explain these trends? Total Asset Turnover is a financial ratio that measures the efficiency of company’s use of its assets to product sales. It is a measure of how efficiently management is using the assets at its disposal to promote sales.The ratio helps to measure the productivity of a company’s assets. Total Asset Turnover is calculated by Net Sales divided by Total Assets. We had to calculate the Total Asset Turnover, the Property, Plant, and Equipment Turnover, and the Intangible Asset Turnover Ratios in 2010 and 2011 for Johnson and Johnson Company. The below table shows the above ratios in 2010 and 2011. |2010 |2011 | |Total Asset Turnover = |61,587 = |60% |65,030 = |57% | | |102,908 | |113,644 | | | | | | | | |P, P, & E Turnover = |61,587 = |4. 3x |65,030 = |4. 41 x | | |14,553 | |14,739 | | | | | | | | |Intangible Asset Turnover = |61,587 = |1. 92x |65,030 = |1. 89x | | |32,010 | |34,276 | |For the Total Asset Turnover, there is a decrease from 60% in 2010 to 57% in 2011. For the Property, Plant, and Equipment Turnover, there is an increase from 4. 23 in 2010 to 4. 41 in 2011. For the Intangible Asset Turnover, there is a decrease from 1. 92 in 2010 to 1. 89 in 2011. Increases in the asset turnover ratio over time may indicate a company is growing into its capacity. A decreasing ratio may indicate the opposite. Asset purchases made in anticipation of coming growth (or the sale of unnecessary assets in anticipation of declining growth) can suddenly and somewhat artificially change a company's asset turnover ratio.

Rodney Kings verdict and riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rodney Kings verdict and riots - Essay Example Rodney’s situation resulted in a look into police cover-ups and brutality. The witness of the riot by the world was a clear protest of racial equality and resulted in the current situation of advancement in racial equality in many parts of the world. The situation and verdict opened the understanding of everyone as being important and of value rather than wasteful and require respect and justice (Rucker & Upton, 2007). This resulted in reduced issues of excessive force being used in the American policing which was real in the past. In the year 2008 documentary, it was evident that black parents had with their sons have been how to react when stopped by police. This type of conversation has become a national conversation that still exists in the United States. The key change in police system that has transpired includes police hires and community relationships with regard to police department concerning riots. Rodney King’s verdict and riot elevated discussions on juries ’ racial composition and trial locations. Despite not being the first time in considering such a discussion, the case resulted as a benchmark for best practices teaching for both jury selection and a police department. The aspect of racism also goes beyond just black and white conversation to multi-cultural communities, nationalities and economic challenges and tension. This aspect still remains a hindrance in the attainment of civil rights in many areas of administration and social setting within the American community currently.

Implementation of International Legal Standards in The Investment Assignment

Implementation of International Legal Standards in The Investment Legislation of Uzbekistan - Assignment Example Uzbekistan has freedom and independence in development of industry in line with national goals. In addition, there is also an opportunity for Uzbekistan becomes the main investment location preferred by both regional and foreign investors. There is also an opportunity for Uzbekistan to become a base for production in the regional market. Its central location provides a large market especially the home market. The country has freedom in the utilization of new resources as a result of the development of new export markets and advanced technological progress. Law for in foreign investment Uzbekistan allows investors (foreign) to engage in wide range business opportunities that are not legislatively prohibited. Foreign investors investment in Uzbekistan through legal means that include branch establishment, real property acquisition and buying of shares. There are no legal preconditions stipulating nationals to have interests of ownership in foreign investments except in banking sector. The government encourages joint ventures of local partners and foreign investors. Foreign investors have to register with Justice Ministry to get legal rights as persons. These imply that foreign investment laws in Uzbek have opened the door to all forms of business investors in the available business opportunities. Entry requirements for foreign investors are therefore straight with minimal performance requirements. In Uzbekistan, the right for investors to exit and repatriation of funds are guaranteed. However, in practice, entry requirements for investors especially individual investors are controlled by the government. The investors will have to negotiate with Uzbek government on key issues that relate to joint agreements of a joint venture, acquisition of government-controlled assets, application for tax incentives and raw material importation rights.  

Case 12-1; Litchfield Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case 12-1; Litchfield Corporation - Essay Example This means that despite Litchfield Corporation of a favourable environment to operate in the UK, the perceived profits will decline as the margin is to be taxed by the federal government. The establishment of an offshore subsidiary firm enables the institution split its profits into two where; export profits from the sale of the umbrellas to the subsidiary which is subject to income tax while export profits from the subsidiary sales to foreign buyers is not subject to the US federal income tax unless distributed to the parent firm in the form of a dividend (Burman & Slemrod, 2013). Litchfield Corporation’s ambitious expansion certainly will have to handle and manage the risks that are associated with exportation so as to ensure maximum profitability and limits losses. The risks likely to be encountered include; Credit risk; this might affect the parent company since the credit worthiness of the offshore subsidiary may be questionable. The credit worthiness limits the risk of late payments, non-payments hence minimizes the risk of reduced profits. Transportation and logistics; the company faces the risks associated with movement of goods over long geographical locations. This increases the costs of operation since more is invested in risk transfer and profit margins are likely to be reduced. Therefore, the risks that might likely to affect the business need to be identified and proper steps undertaken so as to minimize the risk of loss of profit. Some of the risk management options include; insurance that covers country risk cover, credit risk cover, and transit risk cover ensuring that Litchfield competes profitably in UK. Cost-based; this is transfer price based on the cost of production of material. This determination is set to include a profit margin for the producer. However, the simplicity of application of the cost based transfer price method, two problems arise such as the measure of